Papamuri
Neke atu i te 40 tau a Mr Young e pupuri ana i te whenua e rua heketea te rahi i te take o ngā pari i Redcliffs, Ōtautahi. He nui tana haumi ki te whakawhanake, ki te whakapaipai whenua me te wehewehe i te whenua, ā, e rima ngā whare i hangaia me ngā māra. I hokona ētahi o ngā whenua, engari kei te haere tonu te wehewehenga whenua i te wā i puta ai ngā rū whenua o Canterbury i te tau 2010/2011.
I te rū whenua o Pēpuere 2011, i tino kino te whenua me ngā whare, neke atu i te 30,000 tāne o te toka me ngā paru i taka mai i ngā pari ki runga i te whenua, ā, e toru o ngā whare i kore e taea te noho, ā, e rua atu i pakaru, ā, ka taea te whakatika. I kitea ko te 72 ōrau o ngā toka me ngā paru i wehea i ahu mai i te mata o te pari e takoto ana i roto i te whenua o Mr Young, me te 28 ōrau nō te whenua o ngā hoa noho tata i runga ake i te whenua o Mr Young.
I muri i ngā rū whenua, i noho pūmau tonu ngā pari, ā, kei te tūpono tonu te hinga haere. I whakarōpūtia ngā whenua tata i te tihi o ngā pari me te whenua o Mr Young i te take o ngā pari ki te rohe whero. [2] I hokona e te Karauna ngā whenua pari rohe whero i waenganui i te tau 2012 me te tau 2015, ā, e rua ngā tuku hoko "rohe whero" i tukuna ki a Mr Young. Ko te tuarua he tuku whakapai ake, he ranunga o ngā momo tuku i tukuna, tae atu ki te hoko i te 100 ōrau o te whenua (kāore he whakapainga) i te uara whakatauranga o te tau 2007 (te tuku ranu) i muri i te tango i ngā moni kua riro i a Mr Young mai i te Komihana Rū Whenua me te inihua tūmataiti. I whakakahoretia e Mr Young ngā tuku e rua, ā, i whakahaerea ngā whakawakanga mō te takahi whenua me te raruraru. [3]
- Kāore te kereme "nuice" i te tikanga he kawenga ... ki te utu katoa i te kaiwhakapae mō te mate . I whakaaro te Kaiwhakawā kāore pea i utua e ngā kaipupuri tūmataiti o ngā whenua pari te utu katoa o te utu i a Mr Young mō te uara i ngaro, ā, kaua te Karauna e whakatakoto i tētahi paerewa teitei ake mō taua mea.
- I kite te Kaiwhakawā ehara i te mea ko ngā whenua o runga pari anake te pūtake o te kino i ahu mai, nō reira kāore e tika kia tukua te kawenga katoa ki te Karauna.
- I tana tirotiro i ngā mea e tika ana kia tumanakohia mai i te Karauna, i whakaarohia e te Kaiwhakawā ngā herenga whānui a te Karauna whai muri i ngā rū whenua i Canterbury, ā, i whakaarohia e ia he tika te Karauna ki te tohatoha i ana rauemi hei mahi i te pai nui mō te tokomaha .
Te piira ki te Kōti Hupirimi
…ko te awhina e rapuhia ana e Mr Young ināianei e whakaaro ana me whakatika te Karauna i ngā pari, engari e kī ana kāore te whakatikatika i te tika i roto i ngā āhuatanga katoa. Engari, i whakatutukihia tana kawenga tiaki mā te tuku i te tuku ranu i roto i tētahi āhuatanga ko te huarahi mahi anake hei whakaiti i ngā pānga o te raruraru ko te neke atu o Mr Young i te whenua. Ko te kawenga he whakahaere noa i te nekehanga o Mr Young. Ka mahia tēnā e te tuku ranu, ā, mā te mahi pera, ka whakakorea te kawenga a te Karauna ki te tiaki tika.
Whakararuraru tūmataiti ina pā mai he tūponotanga taiao, ā, me whai ine i te kawenga tiaki
…tērā pea he kawenga mō te whakararuraru tūmataiti e puta mai ana i tētahi tūponotanga taiao ina mōhio te kaiwhakapae, i tika rānei kia mōhio ia ki tēnā, engari kāore e mahi i ngā mahi tika hei ārai. I tēnei āhuatanga, e kiia ana kei te haere tonu te kaiwhakapae i te whakararuraru… Ina kāore te kaiwhakapae i hanga i te whakararuraru tūmataiti engari kei te haere tonu, ka puta ake he kawenga e ahu mai ana i te hapa, kaua i te tino tika, [10] .
I muri mai ka whakaarohia ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te whaitake. I kī te Kōti me aromatawaihia ngā mea e whaitake ana . Nā te mea ka rerekē pea ngā āhuatanga, i kīia kāore e taea te whakatau i ngā mea e hiahiatia ana e te whaitake me ngā āhuatanga e tika ana hei aromatawai. I whakaū te Kōti ko te kawenga a te kaipupuri whenua ki te kaipupuri whenua tata he mea ine, ā, me whai whakaaro ki ngā mea e taea ana.
I te whakamahi i ēnei mātāpono, i whakaarohia e te Kōti:
- ngā mea i taea te mahi;
- te pānga o te mōrearea e puta mai ana i ngā rawa o ngā taha e rua, arā, ehara i te mea ko te whenua o te Karauna anake te mōrearea;
- ngā tūranga pūtea whakataurite o ngā rōpū;
- mēnā ka whai hua ngā taha e rua i te mahi whakatikatika;
- te anga ture i hangaia e te ture i whakamanahia i muri i ngā rū whenua i whakatakoto herenga ki te Karauna ki te "whakaora" i ngā rangatira o mua o te whenua; ā,
- te hiranga o tēnei mea mō te painga o te marea.
I kitea e te Kōti Hupirimi ko te whakatakoto i tētahi herenga ki te Karauna ki te whakatinana i te whakaaro whakatika hapa i tukuna ki mua i ngā kōti o raro, i hipa atu i te mea e tika ana mō taua āhuatanga.
Heoi, kāore te Kōti i whakaae he hononga te tuku whenua ranu ki te whakatutukitanga a te Karauna i tana herenga whārite. Nā te mea ko te tikanga o tēnei take, ehara te tuku i taua tuku i te mea e hiahiatia ana mai i tētahi kaipupuri whenua tūmataiti.
I mea te Kōti, i te wā i whakaarohia ai ngā take e tika ana, kāore he mea i hiahiatia i te Karauna i tua atu i te whakatūpato i a Mr Young mō ngā tūponotanga e pā mai ana i te mōrearea, me te āwhina i a ia ki te uru atu ki te whenua. Kua oti i a ia ēnei mea e rua. Nō reira, kua tutuki i a ia tana kawenga ki a ia.
Ā, me pēhea rā a Mr Young?
Ahakoa kāore he uara o te whenua o Mr Young i tēnei wā, he kōrero whakamutunga tēnei e pā ana ki te tūranga o Mr Young i runga i te whakataunga a te Kōti. I te wā o te whakawakanga, i tohu te Karauna kei te noho tonu te tuku whenua ranu ki runga i te tēpu mā Mr Young e whakaae mēnā ka whakatau ia.
Ngā Tohutoro
[1] Young v Roia Matua [2023] NZSC 142.
[2] Whai muri i ngā rū whenua o Canterbury, i whakamanahia te Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Act 2011. I whakarōpūhia a Ōtautahi whānui ki ngā rohe e whā. Kāore i taea te hanga anō i te whenua i "rohe whero" i roto i te wā poto ki te wā waenga.
[3] Ko te kereme i whakarērea te takahi whenua.
[4] I waenganui o te tau 2015, ko Mr Young anō te rangatira o te whenua katoa me ngā whakapainga katoa o runga.
[5] Young v Roia Matua [2022] NZCA 391.
[6] Young , i runga ake i te n 1, i [6].
[7] Young , i runga ake i te n 1, i te [3], e whakahua ana i a Bill Atkin “Nuisance” i roto i a Stephen Todd (ed) Todd on Torts (9th ed, Thomson Reuters, Wellington, 2023) 579 i te 580.
[8] Young , i runga ake i te n 1, i [54], e whakahua ana i a Andrew Tettenborn me ētahi atu (ngā ētita) Clerk & Lindsell on Torts (24th ed, Sweet & Maxwell, Rānana, 2023) i [19–19].
[9] Young , i runga ake i te n 1, i [68].
[10] Ko te tikanga o te "taupānga pakari" ko koe tonu te tangata e whai kawenga ana, ahakoa te hapa.
