Ngā Mea Pono i roto i te Eco World v Dobler
I utua e Eco World a Dobler ki te mahi i te hoahoa, te tuku me te tāutanga o ngā mahi whakarārangi me ngā mahi karaihe mō tētahi whanaketanga whare noho. He maha ngā marama i whakaroahia ai i waenganui i te rā otinga kirimana me te wā i whakamanahia ai te otinga mahi.
I muri i te whakamanatanga o te otinga mahi, ka ara ake he tautohe mō te nui o ngā utu i tika kia utua e Eco World mō te whakaroa o Dobler. Whai muri i te wā whakaroa tuatahi i muri i te Rā Whakaoti, i whakaritea e te kirimana he moni kotahi ia wiki e whai ake nei:
"I muri mai ka pāngia ngā utu mōrearea i te reiti o te £25,000 ia wiki (e whakaritea ana rānei mō tētahi wāhanga o te wiki) tae atu ki te mōrahi katoa o te 7% o te Moni Kirimana Tauhokohoko whakamutunga..."
I roto i te kirimana, i whakahaua a Eco World kia whakamōhio mai me utu e Dobler ngā utu mō ngā kino kua oti te whakarite i te utu i te reiti kua whakarārangitia i roto i te kirimana "i te reiti iti iho rānei i whakarārangitia i roto i te pānui" .
I tīmata a Eco World i ngā whakahaerenga i roto i te TCC e rapu ana i ngā whakapuakitanga mō:
(1) te mana me/te āheinga rānei o te wāhanga utu mō ngā utu kua whakakorea i roto i ngā āhuatanga i riro ai i a Eco World ētahi o ngā wāhanga kua oti o te whanaketanga, ā, kāore he tikanga mō te whakaiti i te nui o ngā utu kua whakakorea; ā,
(2) mēnā kāore i te whai mana te wāhanga utu mō ngā utu kua whakakorea, ahakoa i whakatakotoria he here ki te taumata o ngā utu whānui, i tika a Eco World ki te tono mō te whakaroa.
Nā te mana pupuri hapa i kore ai e whai mana te rarangi utu mō ngā moni kua whakakorea?
I whakahoutia e te TCC ngā mātāpono whakamārama tawhito me te taha o tētahi rarangi utu mō ngā utu kua whakakorengia, e whai whakaaro ana ki:
- tōna tikanga tūturu, tōna tikanga noa,
- ētahi atu whakaritenga kirimana e tika ana,
- te kaupapa whānui o te rarangi, me te kirimana,
- ngā āhuatanga i mōhiotia, i whakaarohia rānei e ngā rōpū i te rā o te kirimana, me
- te whakaaro noa arumoni: Arnold v Britton. [3]
I kitea anō e te TCC ko te rarangi utu mō ngā utu kua whakakorea, i tuhia ai, e whakaatu ana i te korenga e tutuki i:
(a) ngā rā kirimana mō te whakaoti i ngā wāhanga mahi; me/ranei
(b) te rā kirimana mō te otinga o ngā mahi katoa – engari kāore mō tētahi atu reiti utu mō ngā utu e tika ana mō tētahi otinga tomuri e pā ana ki tētahi wāhanga o ngā mahi.
Ahakoa kāore i roto i te wāhanga utu mō ngā taonga kua whakakorea he tikanga mō te whakaiti i ngā utu mō ngā taonga kua whakakorea i runga i te pupuri wāhanga e Eco World, kāore i te āwangawanga mō ngā moni e utua ana. Ko te moni katoa o ngā utu mō ngā taonga kua whakakorea i utua mō ia wiki o te whakaroa ahakoa te tango wāhanga a Eco World.
Kātahi ka whakaarohia e te TCC mēnā i takahia e tētahi wāhanga taua ture mō ngā whiu [4] . Nā tēnā i hiahiatia ai te kooti kia whakaarohia mēnā he "whakanui rawa, he nui rawa, he koretake rānei" te wāhanga, ā, mēnā "kāore i te ōrite ki" te hiahia tika a Eco World ki te whakarite kia oti wawe ngā mahi. Mā te whakamahi i tēnei whakamātautau, i whakatauhia e te TCC kāore te whakaritenga i rite ki te whiu mō ngā take e whai ake nei:
- I whiriwhiria katoatia te rarangi e ngā rōpū arumoni me ā rātou rōia, ko te tikanga me puhoi te kōti ki te wawao i ngā herekoretanga arumoni, inā koa ko ērā e whakahaere ana i te whakahaere i te mōrearea o te whakaroa i te otinga o ngā mahi (tirohia hoki a Cavendish Square ).
- He pānga tika tā Eco World ki te whakamana i te otinga o ngā mahi katoa i mua i te rā otinga o te kirimana, nā te mea ka pā kino te tomuri o te otinga ki te toenga o te kaupapa mā te whakaroa i ngā mahi hokohoko, ka tūpono ai a Eco World ki te nama, ā, ka tūpono hoki ngā hokonga pea o ngā whare noho ki te mōrearea.
- He uaua te ine i ngā kino o Eco World, inā koa i muri i te tango hapa. Tērā pea ka hua ake he whānuitanga o ngā āhuatanga ngaronga i ngā huinga rerekē o ngā poraka kāore i oti. Mā te whakarite i tētahi reiti kotahi mō ngā āhuatanga katoa ka karohia ēnei uauatanga.
- kāore i whakaaturia i roto i ngā taunakitanga he koretake, he kore ōrite rānei ki te mate pea i puta mai i te tomuri o te otinga.
I whai kawenga rānei a Eco World ki te whakaiti i te reiti o ngā utu mō ngā kino kua whakaritea?
I whakakahoretia e te TCC ngā whakapae a Dobler mō tētahi tikanga kirimana i āhei ai a Eco World ki te whakarite i tētahi " reiti iti iho" o ngā utunga moni, me te kitenga ko te kaha o Eco World ki te whakatakoto i tētahi nui iti iho o ngā utunga moni he mana kirimana tino tika, ehara i te mea e tuku ana i te mana whakatau me ngā herenga kua tohua.
I whakatakotohia e te rarangi utu mō ngā utunga moni he here mō te nama ahakoa he whiu?
Ahakoa te whakataunga i Cavendish Square e tautoko ana i te tirohanga kāore e tika kia herea ngā utunga whānui ki te nui o ngā utunga kua whakakorea e kore e taea te whakamana, i whakaaro te TCC he rua ngā wāhanga o te rarangi i tēnei take, tuatahi kei roto ko te reiti ā-wiki mō ngā utunga kua whakakorea engari me te whakatakoto hoki i te herenga whānui mō te nama mō te whakaroa. Mēnā ka whakakorea te reiti o ngā utunga kua whakakorea nā te ture mō ngā whiu, ka taea tonu te whai mana i te herenga whānui mō te nama.
He aha te huarahi e whakamahia ana i Aotearoa?
I pā te take Honey Bees ki tētahi rīhi arumoni i waenganui i a Honey Bees Preschool Ltd me 127 Hobson Street Ltd ( 127 Hobson ) me te mana whakahaere o tētahi whakaritenga e kī ana, mēnā kāore he ararewa i tāutahia e 127 Hobson i roto i ngā tau e rua me ngā marama e whitu, ka utua e 127 Hobson a Honey Bees mō ngā herenga katoa i raro i te rīhi tae noa ki tōna paunga.
Kāore i tāutahia te ararewa i te wā tika, ā, i whai a Honey Bees Preschool Ltd ki te whakamana i te utu mōrearea. 127 I whakahē a Hobson he whiu kore e taea te whakamana te wāhanga utu mōrearea, ā, me kore e arohia.
I kitea e te Kōti Matua me te Kōti Pīra he tika, he whai mana hoki te rarangi utu mō te mate.
I whakakorehia e te Kōti Hupirimi te whakatau a te piira kāore te herenga ki te utu i takahi i te ture mō ngā whiu.
I te whakamāramatanga o te whakamātautau ka whakamahia ki Aotearoa, i whakatau te Kōti Matua:
Ko te rarangi e whakatakoto ana i te hua mō te takahi i te tikanga o te kirimana ka waiho hei whiu kore e taea te whakamana mena ka nui rawa te hua i ngā painga tika o te rōpū harakore i te whakatutuki i te herenga matua…Ka nui rawa te hua mena ka taea te whakaahua i te hua he nui rawa atu ina whakaritea ki aua painga tika.
I whakaū te Kōti Matua he aromatawai whaitake te whakaaro mēnā he whiu tētahi rarangi, i mahia i te wā o te hanganga kirimana. Hei tāpiri, ka taea e te pānga tika te toro atu ki tua atu i te kino i puta mai i te takahi i runga i te aromatawai tikanga o ngā kino kirimana.
I whakaae te Kōti Matua kāore ngā hua i tino ōrite ki ngā painga tika o Honey Bees i roto i te whakatutuki i te herenga ki te tāuta i te ararewa. Ko te whakahaere i tētahi pakihi i runga i te whenua i tautokona e ngā ararewa e rua me te tiaki i ngā tūmanakohanga tipu o te pakihi ā muri ake nei he mea tika ki a Honey Bees. I whakaaro te Kōti ko te āhua "katoa, kāore rānei" o te herenga ki te tāuta i te ararewa tuarua he mea nui ki te aromatawai mēnā he rerekē ngā hua i whakaritea ki te hiahia o Honey Bees ki te mahi. I whakatau te Kōti Matua kāore ngā hua i te nui rawa i roto i ngā āhuatanga whānui, tae atu ki te meka i tukuna he wā nui ki a 127 Hobson ki te tāuta i te ararewa.
Ngā whakatau me ngā pānga
Mā te whakataunga a Eco World ka kitea he tirohanga whakamere ki te huarahi a te kooti o te United Kingdom ki te whakamārama tika i ngā rarangi utu mō ngā utu kua whakakorea hei whakamahi i ngā mātāpono o Cavendish Square me ngā ture mōhio e pupuri ana i te herekoretanga arumoni i roto i te whiriwhiri me te whakatakoto i ētahi tikanga kirimana, e whakaata tahi ana i te mahi a aua rarangi mō ngā kirimana hanga nui.
I Aotearoa, e whakaū ana te take Honey Bees ko te whakamātautau matua mō te whakatau mēnā he whiu te rarangi ko te whakamātautau kore taurite, ko te pae ko te mea mēnā he "kore rawa te taurite" o te hua ki ngā painga tika o te rōpū harakore i te whakatutuki i te herenga matua. Ka tutuki te pae mēnā ka taea te whakaahua tika i te hua he "rahi rawa" ina whakaritea ki ngā painga tika e tiakina ana. Mā te whakamātautau kore taurite ka nui ake te whakapono ki te herekoretanga o te kirimana me te whakamana i ngā utu i mahia e te whakaaetanga i waenga i ngā rōpū arumoni. I runga i tēnei, i Aotearoa, he iti noa te tūponotanga o te whakakorenga o te rarangi utu kua whakakorea hei whiu.
Ngā Tohutoro
[1] Eco World – Ballymore Embassy Gardens Company Limited v Dobler UK Limited [2021] EWHC 2207 (TCC).
[2] 127 Hobson Street Ltd v Honey Bees Preschool Ltd [2020] NZSC 53.
[3] Arnold v Britton [2015] UKSC 36; [2015] AC 1619, nā Lord Neuberger (i [15]–[23]).
[4] Ko te mea hou i kōrerohia e te Kōti Matua i roto i te take Cavendish Square Holding BV v Makdessi [2015] UKSC 67; [2016] AC 1172 (kei [31]–[35]) ( Cavendish Square ).
