I roto, i waho hoki
He aha te mea e akiaki ana i a tātou ki te tirotiro haere i ngā oranga o ētahi atu tāngata? I roto i te pukapuka The Great Gatsby , ka homai e F Scott Fitzgerald he tirohanga hohonu ki tēnei hiahia uaua. I a te kaikorero o te pukapuka e tū ana i te matapihi o tētahi whare noho huatau o te tāone nui, e titiro atu ana ki waho puta noa i te tāone nui, ka whakaaro ia ki ngā mea ka whakaarohia e te tangata noa i waho i a ia e titiro whakamuri ana ki a ia:
…i runga ake i te tāone nui, ko tā mātou rārangi matapihi kōwhai pea i whai wāhi ki te huna i te tangata e mātakitaki noa ana i ngā tiriti pōuriuri, ā, ko ia anō hoki ahau, e titiro ake ana, e whakaaro ana. I roto ahau, i waho hoki, i te wā kotahi i miharotia, i peia hoki e te momo ora mutunga kore.
Tērā pea i puta ake ngā whakaaro ōrite ki ngā manuhiri o te whare tapere o te Tate Modern me ngā kainoho o ngā whare noho papai e tata ana, he £1.5 miriona te utu. Engari kāore te kaikorero o The Great Gatsby i mahi tahi me ngā rau o te tangata e titiro ana ki tōna matapihi, e tango ana i ngā karu tirotiro me ngā waea atamai, e whakapiri ana i ngā whakaahua o ia ki runga i a Instagram. Kāore i te tino āwangawanga i ngā tau 1920, engari he āhuatanga tino tūturu i ngā tau 2020 – ā, ko te mea pono o ia rā mō ngā hoa noho o Tate. E ai ki te Kōti Matua i tēnei take: [1]
…ko tētahi wāhanga nui o te mea e kukume ana i te kanohi o te kaimātakitaki o waho ko te tirohanga mārama, kore e mutu, o te āhua o te whakahaere a ngā kaitono i ō rātou oranga i roto i ngā whare. He āhua tangata te whakaatu a ētahi i tēnei momo hiahia.
Titiro mai, e te hākinakina tawhito
I whakatuwheratia te Whare Blavatnik o te Tate Modern i waenganui o Rānana i te tau 2016. Kei tōna papa o runga he taupee tirotiro me he pae inu, ā, tae noa ki ēnei wā tata nei, e 500,000 ngā manuhiri i huihui mai ki reira i ia tau ki te mātakitaki i ngā tirohanga whānui puta noa i Rānana, he kore utu.
E 300 ngā manuhiri e taea ana te noho ki te taupee i tētahi wā, ā, i tuwhera i ngā rā katoa o te wiki, mai i te 10 i te ata tae noa ki te 10 i te pō i ētahi pō. Engari, e 34 mita noa iho te tawhiti atu i te whare Neo Bankside – he poraka whare papai hou me ngā matapihi mai i te papa ki te tuanui me ngā 'māra hotoke' karāhe takitahi.
I taea e ngā mano tini manuhiri o ia rā te pārekareka ki ngā tirohanga whānui o Rānana, me te tirohanga tata ki ngā wāhi noho o ngā kainoho o Neo Bankside. I whakaahuahia e ngā kōti te āhua o ētahi, te titiro a ētahi, te whakaahua a ētahi, te tawhiri a ētahi. I ētahi wā ka whakamahia he karu tirotiro . E 124 ngā pou Instagram o ngā whare noho o ngā kainoho i roto i te wā e rua tau, ā, i tae atu ki te hunga whakarongo o te 38,600 tāngata. [2]
Kātahi ka puta te pakanga, te hākinakina tawhito
Ahakoa i miharo pea ngā kaimātakitaki noa i te taupee o te Tate ki te huna o te tangata me te kanorau o te ora i roto i ngā matapihi kōwhai o te Neo Bankside, i tino whakarihariha ngā kainoho o Neo Bankside ki te miharo me te titiro ki roto. I whakawakia e ngā rangatira o ngā whare noho e whā ( ngā kainoho ) te Tate mō te whakararuraru.
Kāore i angitu ngā kainoho i roto i te Kōti Matua , i tohutohu i a rātou kia tāutahia he karāhe kotahi te taha, kia kumea ō rātou arai, kia whakairihia rānei he ārai kupenga. [3] I tono piira rātou ki te Kōti Pīra engari kāore anō i angitu, ahakoa he rerekē ngā take – kāore i tohe kia tāutahia he ārai kupenga, engari i whakatau ko te 'tirotiro' kāore i roto i te whānuitanga o te whakararuraru ture noa. [4]
Ahakoa ngā poti e ātete ana ki te ia, i tono piira ngā kainoho ki te Kōti Hupirimi. I roto i tētahi whakataunga kāore i te whakaae katoa, i whakakorehia e te Kōti Hupirimi ngā whakataunga e rua a te Kōti o raro, ā, i whakataua te Tate he kawenga mō te nuisance.
Upoko Tuatahi: E kī ana te Kōti Matua ki ngā kainoho kia hoko mai i ētahi ārai kupenga ataahua mā rātou
I whakatau te Kōti Matua [5] ko te whakamahinga a te Tate i te taupee hei taiwhanga mātakitaki tūmatanui he whakamahinga 'tika' o tōna whenua, i roto i tōna horopaki hei taiwhanga toi, nō reira kāore i tutuki i te whakamātautau ture mō te whakararuraru.
I tua atu, i whakataua ko te aituā o ngā kainoho nā rātou anō i pā mai nā te mea he mea whakakikoruatia ngā mata o ō rātou whare noho me ngā māra hotoke, ā, i tukua e rātou rātou ki te aro . I whakataua he he ki te tuku i tēnei hihiri i hangaia e rātou anō ki te titiro… me te whakaaturanga i hangaia e rātou anō ki te ao o waho hei hanga i tētahi raruraru .
I whakatauhia he rerekē te tūmataitinga i ētahi atu momo whakararuraru, ā, ko te hunga e hiahia ana ki te whakarei ake i tō rātou tūmataitinga me mahi i ā rātou ake mahi tiaki – koia te take i whakamahia ai ngā ārai kupenga.
Upoko Tuarua: E kī ana te Kōti Pīra ehara te 'tirotiro noa' i te mea whakararuraru
I whakakahoretia e te Kōti Pīra te whakamātautau 'whakaaro tika' a te Kōti Matua, ā, i whakamahia he whakamātautau rerekē – i whakatauria kāore te whakamahinga a te Tate i ōna taupee i te mea e tika ana mō te whakamahinga noa me te noho noa o te Tate . Heoi anō, i whakakahoretia e ia te kereme a ngā kainoho i runga i te whakaaro kāore te tirohanga atu i roto i te whānuitanga o te whakararuraru ture noa . [6]
I haere tonu te pūrongo ki te tuku i ētahi take kaupapa here e toru e ārai ana i te whakawhānui i te whakararuraru ki te tirotiro haere: (1) he uaua ki te whakatū i tētahi whakamātautau whaitake me te whakatakoto i te rohe ina he whakararuraru te tirotiro haere; (2) ko ngā ture me ngā whakaritenga whakamahere te huarahi pai ake mō te whakahaere i te tirotiro haere; ā, (3) ko ngā take tūmataiti pēnei me waiho mā te ture e whakahaere.
Upoko Tuatoru: Te Kōti Matua – He mea tāku hei kōrero atu ki a KOE, e te hunga takaro tawhito
He take noa o te whakararuraru
Ehara i te mea uaua ki te whakaaro me pēhea te pehi o te noho i roto i ēnei āhuatanga ki te tangata noa – he rite tonu ki te whakaaturanga i roto i te zoo … kāore e kore ko te mātakitaki me te whakaahua e tangohia ana mai i te whare o Tate ka whakararuraru nui i te whakamahinga me te painga o ngā whenua o ngā kaitono.
Ko te whakamātautau tika hei whakatau i te kawenga mō te raruraru?
Kāore i whakahēngia e ia ngā kōti o raro e rua, me te tohu i ngā wāhi i hē ai rāua i roto i te ture. I pātai te Kōti Matua ki a ia anō i te pātai hē i a ia e whakaaro ana mēnā he 'tika' te whakamahinga a te Tate i tōna whenua. Ko te pātai tika i pātaihia e te Kōti Pīra – mēnā he whakamahinga noa, he whakamahinga noa rānei te taiwhanga tirotiro o te whenua . I kitea e ia ko te taiwhanga tirotiro tūmatanui a te Tate he whakamahinga motuhake, he whakamahinga rerekē – ehara i te mea noa, ehara hoki i te mea noa. [8]
Te tiaki i te hoahoa whare 'tairongo'? Ngā ārai kupenga hei mahi tiaki?
Kāore au e whakaae ki te kaiwhakawā "he rerekē te tūmataitinga"... Kāore e taea te akiaki i ngā kaitono ki te noho i muri i ngā ārai kupenga, me ō rātou arai rānei e kumea ana i te rā katoa hei tiaki i a rātou anō i ngā hua o te takahi whenua nā te whakamahinga rerekē a te Tate i tōna whenua. I ngā āhuatanga e mahi ana ngā kaitono i te noho me te whakamahi i ō rātou whare i runga i te huarahi noa, i runga anō i ngā tikanga noa o te tangata whai whakaaro, ehara i te whakautu mō te tangata e pokanoa ana ki taua whakamahinga mā te whakamahi motuhake i ō rātou ake whenua ki te kī ka taea e ngā kaitono te tiaki i a rātou anō i roto i ō rātou ake kāinga mā te tango i ngā mahi whakatikatika.
He take noa iho tēnei mō te 'tirotiro noa' me te kore e taea te whakamahi i te ture whakararuraru?
Ehara te amuamu a ngā kaitono i te mea ko te papa o runga ... e tiro atu ana ki ō rātou whare ... E tono kaha ana te Tate ki ngā mema o te marea kia toro atu ki te tirotiro ... e whakaae ana, e tono ana kia haere tonu tēnei mahi me te kore e whakararuraru mō te nuinga o te rā i ia rā o te wiki ... e hawhe miriona tāngata ... e tirotiro ana ki roto i ngā whare o ngā kaitono me te tango whakaahua i a rātou. Ki te tautohe kāore e taea e tēnei whakamahinga o te whenua o te kaiwhakapae te waiho hei raruraru nā te mea ko te "tiro atu" ... kāore e taea te waiho hei raruraru he rite ki te tautohe, nā te mea ehara te haruru noa o te whare i puta mai i ngā hoa noho tata i te mea he raruraru, ko te tono i tētahi pēne parahi ki te whakangungu i te rā katoa i ia rā i taku māra o muri kāore e taea te waiho hei raruraru whai take ...
He aha i peka ke ai ngā kōti o raro i te ara tika?
I whakatau te Kōti Matua, he tika te kawenga mō te nuisance ki te Tate. I hē ngā kōti o raro e rua nā te mea i awehia rāua e te mea i kitea e rāua he painga mō te marea i roto i te whakamahinga o te taiwhanga mātakitaki o te Tate . Ko te painga o te marea e herea ana ki te pātai mō ngā rongoā mō te nuisance, ehara i te pātai mō te kawenga mō te nuisance. Ko te painga o te marea o te taiwhanga mātakitaki e whai pānga ana ki te whakatau ko tēhea rongoā me tuku ki ngā kainoho. [12]
Upoko Tuawhā: Nō reira, ka haere tonu tātou…
Kua whakahē ētahi i te whakataunga a te Kōti Matua mō te tango i te painga o te marea hei tiaki i ngā painga tūmataiti o ētahi momo tāone whai rawa. Ahakoa he take rerekē, he take tino kino, tera pea nā te whakataunga i whakatuwhera te kuaha o te koretake i roto i ngā tautohe tūmataiti i waenganui i ngā hoa noho tata.
Nō reira, he mutunga harikoa mō ngā kainoho o Neo Bankside, kāore nei e whakaatuhia – kua mutu te whakaaturanga. Kāore rānei? Kāore anō kia mutu te kōrero, nā te mea kāore te Kōti Matua i whakatau mō ngā rongoā, ā, i whakahokia atu taua take ki te Kōti Matua.
He upoko anō kei mua. Ka tukuna he aukati mō te whare matakitaki, ka whakaaetia rānei e te Kōti Matua? Tērā pea ka tukuna he momo awhina ki ngā kainoho, pērā i te utu mō ngā kino. Tērā pea ka puta ngā ārai kupenga a te Kōti Matua i muri i ngā mea katoa…
I tēnei wā, ki te hiahia koe ki te piki puku ki te tihi o te Tate ki te inu i te Gin Rickey me te tirotiro i roto i aua whare karāhe jazz, kaua e manukanuka anō, he hākinakina tawhito - ka kati te papa tirotiro mō te wā poto i te wā e whakaae ana ngā rōpū ki tētahi otinga, e hoki rānei ki te kooti.
Ngā Tohutoro
[1] Fearn mā v Poari Kaitiaki o te Tate Gallery [2023] UKSC 4 i [146].
[2] Kei runga ake i te n 1, kei [5] me [144].
[3] Fearn me Ētahi Atu v Te Poari Kaitiaki o te Tate Gallery [2019] EWHC 246 i [215].
[4] Fearn me Ētahi Atu v Te Poari Kaitiaki o te Tate Gallery [2020] EWCA Civ 104 i [96].
[5] Kei runga ake i te n 2, i te [180], [196], [205] me te [215].
[6] Kei runga ake i te n 3, kei [96], [99], [81], [83] me [85].
[7] Kei runga ake i te n 1, kei [48].
[8] Kei runga ake i te n 1, kei [54] me [75].
[9] Kei runga ake i te n 1, kei [67]–[68] me [72].
[10] Kei runga ake i te n 1, kei [84] me [88].
[11] Kei runga ake i te n 1, kei [92] me [107].
[12] Kei runga ake i te n 1, kei [114] me [120].
[13] I whakatuwheratia anō te papa tirotiro i te Oketopa 2023, ā, i herea te urunga o ngā manuhiri ki ngā taha e toru o te whare.
