Te Kirimana
I roto i te keehi Providence Building Services Ltd v Hexagon Housing Association Ltd , [1] i whakakorea e te Kōti Pīra te whakamaoritanga a te Kōti Matua [2] mō tētahi kirimana hoahoa me te hanga paerewa e whakamahia whānuitia ana, e pā ana ki te tika o te kaiwhakatū ki te whakamutu i te utunga tomuri.
I pā te take ki tētahi kirimana hanga whare £7.2 miriona i waenganui i a Hexagon Housing Association Limited (te Kaimahi ) me Providence Building Services Limited (te Kaimahi ). I whakamahia e ngā rōpū tētahi putanga whakatikatika o te puka paerewa JCT Design and Build Contract 2016 (DB 2016) (te Kirimana ).
Ngā tikanga o te kirimana mō te whakamutu i te utunga tomuri
Kei roto i te Rārangi 8.9 o te Kirimana he tikanga e taea ai e te kaiwhakapā te whakamutu i te utu tonu, te utu tōmuri rānei e te kaitukumahi.
Ko ngā whakaritenga e tika ana ko ngā rarangi 8.9.1, 8.9.3 me 8.9.4 (te whakanui a te kaituhi).
Taunoa nā te Kaiwhakawhiwhi Mahi
Rārangi 8.9.1
Mena kāore te Kaitukumahi … e utu i mua i te rā whakamutunga mō te utu … ka taea e te Kaikirimana te tuku pānui ki te Kaitukumahi e whakamārama ana i te taunoa … (he taunoa 'kua tohua') …
Rārangi 8.9.3
Mena ka mau tonu tētahi hapa kua tohua … mō ngā rā 28 [3] mai i te whiwhinga o te pānui i raro i te rarangi 8.9.1 … ka taea e te Kaihautū te whakamutu i te mahi a te Kaihautū i raro i tēnei Kirimana i roto i ngā rā 21 mai i te paunga o taua wā 28 rā mā te tuku atu i tētahi atu pānui ki te Kaimahi.
Rārangi 8.9.4
Mena kāore te Kaihautū e tuku pānui atu i roto i te rarangi 8.9.3, engari … ka tuaruatia e te Kaimahi tētahi taunoa kua tohua … kātahi, i muri i taua tuaruatanga, i roto rānei i ngā rā 28 i muri mai, ka taea e te Kaihautū mā te pānui ki te Kaihautū te whakamutu i te mahi a te Kaihautū …
Ngā utunga tomuri e rua a te Kaimahi
Patua te kotahi
I te marama o Tīhema 2022, i ngaro i te Kaimahi te rā whakamutunga mō te utu, ā, i tukuna e te Kaimahi he pānui mō te korenga i utua ( Tuatahi te Taunga ). I tīmata te karaka 28-rā i roto i te rarangi 8.9.3 ki te whakahaere.
Heoi, i muri mai ka utua katoatia e te Kaimahi i mua i te paunga o te rā kati 28-rā. Nā te mea kua whakatikahia te hapa a te Kaimahi i mua i te rā kati 28-rā, kāore i puta te mana o te Kaimahi ki te whakamutu i raro i te rarangi 8.9.3 mā te tuku atu i tētahi atu pānui.
Whiu tuarua
I te marama o Mei 2023, i ngaro anō i te Kaitukumahi te rā whakamutunga mō te utu ( Tuarua o ngā Taunga ).
I tēnei wā, i tukuna e te Kaihautū he pānui whakamutu i raro i te rarangi 8.9.4. I kōrero te Kaihautū mō te Taunga Tuatahi, ā, nā te ngaronga o tētahi utu, kua tuaruatia e te Kaimahi tētahi taunga kua tohua, ā, kei te whakamutua e te Kaihautū te kirimana.
I whakahē te Kaiwhakawhiwhi Mahi i te whakamāramatanga a te Kaikirimana i te rarangi 8.9.4 me te mana ki te whakamutu i te mahi mō te Taunga Tuarua.
Ngā whakamāramatanga whakataetae o te rarangi 8.9.4 – e rua ngā whiunga, ā, kua kore koe e whakaaetia?
I tautohe ngā rōpū mō te wā i whakatinanahia ai te mana o te Kaikirimana ki te whakamutu i ngā mahi mō te korenga i whakaritea i ngā wā maha.
Ko ā rātou whakamaoritanga rerekē i aro ki te tikanga o ngā kupu "mō tētahi take kāore e hoatu" i roto i te rarangi 8.9.4.
Te whakamārama a te kaituku mahi
I whakanuia e te whakamaoritanga a te Kaimahi ngā kupu "kāore e hoatu".
I kī te Kaiwhakawhiwhi mahi ka taea anake e te kaiwhakatū te whakamutu i raro i te rarangi 8.9.4 mō te tuarua o ngā takahi ture mēnā kua roa te takahi ture tuatahi i tua atu i te wā 28-rā, e whai mana ai te kaiwhakatū ki te whakamutu mō taua takahi ture tuatahi i raro i te rarangi 8.9.3.
Ara, ko te tika ki te whakamutu mō te korenga i utua i mua i te wā, i hiahiatia he tika kua kohia mai ki te whakamutu mō te korenga i utua i mua.
I tautohe te Kaiwhakawhiwhi Mahi, nā te mea kua whakatikahia e ia tana Taunga Tuatahi, ā, kāore anō kia ara ake te mana o te Kaikirimana ki te whakamutu i raro i te rarangi 8.9.3, kāore he mana i raro i te rarangi 8.9.4 ki te whakamutu mō te Taunga Tuarua.
I tautohe te Kaitukumahi he tika tēnei whakamāramatanga arumoni, nā te mea ka ārai i ngā kaimahi kirimana e hiahia ana ki te whakaoho i te mahi nā te mea he iti noa te whakaroa o te utu, he iti rānei te utu.
Te whakamaoritanga a te Kaimahi
I whakanuia e te whakamaoritanga a te Kaihanga te kupu “mō tētahi take”.
I kī te Kaikirimana nā te korenga tuarua o te kaitukumahi ka puta te mana o te Kaikirimana ki te whakamutu i raro i te rarangi 8.9.4.
Kāore he aha mena kua whakatikahia e te Kaimahi tana Hara Tuatahi i mua i te whakaoho i te mana o te Kaitukumahi ki te whakamutu i raro i te rarangi 8.9.3. I whakaohohia te mana ki te whakamutu i raro i te rarangi 8.9.4 e te Hara Tuarua, ā, kāore i hiahiatia he mana o mua ki te whakamutu mō te Hara Tuatahi.
I tautohe te Kaikirimana he tika tēnei whakamāramatanga arumoni, nā te mea ki te kore, ka taea e te kaitukumahi te utu i ngā utu katoa i muri i te wā, me te kore e tūpono ka whakamutua te mahi.
E tautoko ana te kaiwhakawā i te whakamaoritanga a te Kaimahi
I tukuna e te Kaimahi te take ki te whakawakanga.
I whakaae te kaiwhakawa ki te whakamārama a te kaitukumahi, nō reira, kāore he mana o te Kaikirimana ki te whakamutu i te mahi.
E tautoko ana te Kōti Matua i te whakamaoritanga a te Kaimahi
I haria e te Kaihautū te take ki te Kōti Matua, ā, i tono kia whakapuakina te tika o te whakamāramatanga o te rarangi 8.9.4.
I whakaae te Kōti Matua ki te kaiwhakawā, ā, i tautoko i te whakamaoritanga a te Kaimahi.
Ki te tirohanga a te kaiwhakawā o te Kōti Matua, ko te tikanga tūturu me te tikanga noa o te kupu "kāore e hoatu" i roto i te rarangi 8.9.4 e pā ana ki te mahi a te kaiwhakatū i tētahi mahi kaha - arā, i taea te tuku pānui i raro i te rarangi 8.9.3, engari i whakatau te kaiwhakatū kia kaua e pena. Ko te tikanga o te kupu "Mō tētahi take" ko te whakatau pea a te kaiwhakatū kia kaua e hoatu te pānui 8.9.3 mō tētahi take. Engari i te wā i whakatikahia ai te hapa kua tohua, kāore he mana o te kaiwhakatū ki te "hoatu" i tētahi pānui i raro i te rarangi 8.9.3, nō reira kāore e taea e ia te whakatau kia kaua e hoatu mō ngā kaupapa o raro i te rarangi 8.9.4.
I te whakahēnga i te tautohe a te Kaikirimana i puta ai he hua kino, kāore hoki i te arumoni mō ngā kaikirimana e pāngia ana e ngā utu tomuri raupapa, i kite te Kōti Matua he maha ngā patu a ngā kaikirimana hei tiaki i ā rātou moni whiwhi, tae atu ki te tika ki te whakamutu i ngā mahi, te pānga ture me te whakatau.
Ka hurihia e te Kōti Pīra te Kōti Matua, ā, ka tautokona te whakamaoritanga a te Kaikirimana.
I piira te Kaihanga ki te Kōti Pīra. Kāore te Kōti Pīra i whakaae ki te kaiwhakawā me te Kōti Matua, ā, i tautoko i te whakamaoritanga a te Kaihanga.
I kite te Kōti Pīra ko te whakamāramatanga o ngā kirimana āhua paerewa he aro nui ki ngā kupu , ā, he mea nui kia tirohia aua kupu i roto i te horopaki o te toenga o te rarangi 8.9. Ahakoa e pā ana te rarangi 8.9.3 ki ngā hua o te haere tonu o te korenga kua tohua, e pā ana te rarangi 8.9.4 ki ngā hua o te haere tonu o te korenga kua tohua.
Kāore i kitea e te Kōti Pīra he pūtake mō te kī he taahiraa kaha, he whakataunga, he take motuhake rānei mō te whakataunga, arā, ko ngā kupu "kāore e hoatu" i roto i te rarangi 8.9.4. Ahakoa i taea te tuhi i te puka paerewa kia pai ake te kounga, ko te tikanga tūturu me te tikanga pea o "mō tētahi take kāore e hoatu" kei roto ko te take i kore ai e hoatu te pānui whakamutu 8.9.3 nā te mea kua whakatikahia te hapa o mua, ā, kāore i puta te tika ki te hoatu i taua pānui.
Arā, mō ngā kaupapa o te rarangi 8.9.4, ko te take mō te whakamutu ko te whakahokinga anō i tētahi taunoa kua tohua i mua, kāore e hiahiatia he mana whakamutu o mua.
Ngā putanga o mua o te kirimana puka paerewa
I whakatūpato te Kōti Pīra i te nuinga o te wā mō te keri keri whenua mō ngā rerekētanga o ngā kupu o ngā putanga o mua o tētahi kirimana puka paerewa, hei āwhina i te hanga. He pai noa iho tēnei whakataurite mēnā e mōhiotia ana kua mahia ngā huringa o ngā kupu hei whakautu i ngā whakataunga a te kōti, ngā huringa ture, ngā huihuinga rongonui rānei. [4] Waihoki, i whakahē te Kōti Pīra i te keri mō ngā tuhipoka tuhi a te komiti nā te mea ka tāpirihia he wā me he whakapaunga koretake ki te mahi whakamaori. [5]
Heoi, i tēnei take, i whakaaetia ko ngā putanga o mua o te kirimana puka paerewa i tautoko i te whakamaoritanga a te Kaihautū. I tua atu, e rua ngā take o mua e pā ana ki te rite o te rarangi 8.9 i roto i ngā putanga o mua o te puka paerewa, ā, i rite anō hoki ēnei whakataunga ki te whakamaoritanga a te Kaihautū. I aro nui te Kōti Pīra ki ngā kōrero i roto i tētahi o ēnei whakataunga: [6]
… ko te kaitukumahi kua kore e utu i ana herenga utu kotahi, kei te hē haere tonu… Mena kāore te korenga e whakatikahia, he rite rānei te korenga, ka whai mana te kaimahi kirimana ki te tuku pānui whakamutu…
I kitea e te Kōti Pīra kāore he tohu i puta he rerekētanga ki ngā kupu o te putanga o nāianei hei whakaputa i tētahi hua arumoni rerekē, e pai ake ana mō te kaitukumahi.
I kite te Kōti Pīra i whai te rarangi 8.9 ki te whakatenatena i ngā rōpū kia tutuki i te herenga ki te utu i mua i te rā utu whakamutunga, ā, i whai tikanga arumoni ngā whakamārama a ngā rōpū e rua.
Heoi, i makona te Kōti Pīra nā te tikanga mārama o ngā kupu, te horopaki katoa o te toenga o te rārangi kōrero me ngā putanga o mua o te puka paerewa i tautoko i te whakamaoritanga a te Kaiwhakatū.
Kāore te Kōti Pīra i whakaae ki te whakawhirinakitanga o te Kōti Matua ki ngā rongoā a te kaiwhakatū hei whakatau i ngā utu tomuri raupapa, ā, i kī ia nā te whakamaoritanga a te Kaiwhakatū i hua ake ai he tohatoha mōrearea e whakaaetia ana i te taha pakihi, ahakoa ka angiangi haere te Kaimahi mai i te tīmatanga .
Whakamutunga – te reti reti i runga i te hukapapa angiangi
He kirimana paerewa rongonui te Kirimana Hoahoa me te Hanga JCT 2016. I tukuna he putanga hou o te tau 2024 i ētahi marama kua pahure ake nei (i mua tata i te whakataunga a te Kōti Pīra). Ahakoa he maha ngā huringa kei roto i te putanga hou, kei te mau tonu ngā whakaritenga whakamutu o te rarangi 8.9.
Nō reira, he mea whakamanawa te whakataunga a te Kōti Pīra mō ngā kaimahi kirimana e whakamahi ana i tēnei puka paerewa e mahi tahi ana me ngā kaitukumahi e utu tomuri ana – ā, he whakatūpato nui anō hoki mō ngā kaitukumahi tera pea he angiangi ake te huka i tā rātou i whakaaro ai.
Ngā Tohutoro
[1] Providence Building Services Ltd v Hexagon Housing Association Ltd [2024] EWCA Civ 962 .
[2] Providence Building Services Ltd v Hexagon Housing Association Ltd [2023] EWHC 2965 (TCC).
[3] Kua whakatikatikaina tēnei e ngā rōpū mai i te 14 rā i roto i te puka paerewa.
[4] Seadrill Management Services Ltd v OAO Gazprom [2010] EWCA Civ 691.
[5] Te Rewa [2012] EWCA Civ 153.
[6] Ferrara Quay Ltd v Carillion Construction Ltd [2009] BLR 367 i [88] me [89]; me Reinwood Ltd v L Brown & Sons Ltd [2007] BLR 10.
