Kupu Whakataki: Te pakanga whakatau raupapa o Sudlows v Global
Ko Sudlows Ltd v Global Switch Estates 1 Ltd te wāhanga hou o tētahi raupapa o ngā whakataunga me ngā whakatinanatanga a te kooti i waenganui i tētahi kaitukumahi ( Global ) me tētahi kaiwhakatū hiko ( Sudlows ). [2]
I uru atu a Global ki tētahi kirimana £14.8 miriona me Sudlows hei whakahaere i ngā mahi hiko whānui i ōna whare i Rānana, tae atu ki te hanga i tētahi teihana hiko hou me te tāuta i ngā taura hiko teitei ( Kirimana ).
Kua pāngia te Kirimana e ngā tautohe. E pā ana tēnei tuhinga ki ngā Whakataunga 5 me te 6, e pā ana ki ngā tautohe mō ngā utu me ngā whakaroa i puta mai i ngā take o te mahi paipa me te taura.
Te mātāpono "utu inaianei tautohe ā muri ake nei" me te ture mō te whakatau anō
E whakaaetia ana e te Wāhanga 108 o te Ture mō ngā Tahua Whare, Hanga me te Whakaora Hou o Ingarangi me Wales 1996 te tuku i tētahi rōpū ki tētahi kirimana hanga ki te whakawa i tētahi tautohe e puta ake ana i raro i te kirimana. He mana tō ngā rōpū ki te whakatau a te kaiwhakawa kia whakatauhia rā anō te tautohe e ngā tukanga ture, e te whakatau tautohe, e te whakaaetanga rānei a ngā rōpū.
Ko te whāinga o tēnei tikanga "utu inaianei, tautohe ā muri ake nei" he whakarato i tētahi whakautu tere, herenga wā poto ki ngā tautohe hanga whare, me tutuki e ia rōpū kia mau tonu ai te rere o te moni me te haere tonu o ngā kaupapa, kaua e mutu. Mēnā kāore tētahi rōpū e whakaae ki te putanga o te whakataunga, me 'utu me te tuku' i tēnei wā, ā, me wero i muri mai ki te kōti, ki te whakatau tautohe rānei.
Engari i ētahi kaupapa, ka puta tonu ngā tautohe, ka hua ake he maha ngā whakataunga mō te kirimana kotahi. I roto i ēnei 'whakataunga raupapa', ka taupatupatu pea ngā meka me ngā take o tētahi tautohe o muri mai ki ērā o tētahi tautohe o mua, ā, me whakatau te kaiwhakawa o muri mai mēnā kei te herea rātou e ngā kitenga o mua.
I roto i te keehi Sudlows v Global , i kite poto te Kōti Pīra i te koretake o ngā whakataunga raupapa me te kaupapa o te whakataunga hanganga, me te kī he uaua ake te piri ki te kaupapa 'utu inaianei, tautohe ā muri ake nei' ina tautohe tonu koe ināianei . [3]
Papamuri – ngā take o te mahi paipa me ngā taura
I raro i te Kirimana, i hiahiatia a Sudlows ki te tāuta i ngā taura hiko teitei e rere ana mai i tetahi taha o te whare o Global ki tetahi taha, puta noa i te rori matua. Hei whakahohe i tēnei, i hiahiatia a Global ki te tāuta i ngā paipa hiko i raro i te rori. I muri i te otinga o te mahi paipa hiko a Global, i tukuna e Sudlows ngā taura, ā, i tāutahia mā roto i ngā paipa hiko. Heoi, i pakaru tetahi o ngā taura i roto i te mahi.
I kī a Sudlows i pakaru te taura nā te mea he hapa te paipa i tāutahia e Global, ā, kāore i tika mō tana mahi. I whakakahore a Sudlows ki te mahi i ngā mahi whakatikatika, i ētahi atu mahi rānei, ki te kore a Global e utu.
I whakakahore a Global i te he o āna paipa hiko, ā, i kī ia nā ngā hapa o te taura i tukuna mai e Sudlows, nā te huarahi rānei i tāuta ai ngā taura e Sudlows te take o te kino o te taura. I kī a Global nā Sudlows te kawenga mō ngā whakaroa, ā, me utu e ia ngā mahi whakatikatika i runga i tana ake utu.
I te mutunga ka utua e Global tētahi atu kaimahi kirimana hei tāuta i ngā taura hou, hei whakahaere hoki i aua taura mā roto i ngā paipa hiko. Kātahi ka tohutohu a Global i a Sudlows kia honoa ngā taura hou ki te pūnaha hiko, kia whakakahangia hoki. I whakakahore a Sudlows nā te mea he rerekē ngā taura hou i ngā taura i whiriwhiria e Sudlows, ā, kāore a Sudlows i te mōhio ki te tikanga tāutanga.
I tono a Sudlows mō tētahi whakaroa wā ( EOT ) nā te mea i whakaroahia ēnei raruraru o te mahi paipa me te taura. I whakakahore a Global ki te tuku i te EOT, ki te whakaae rānei ki te kawenga mō te kino o te taura, ā, i kī ia nā Sudlows te kawenga, ā, i whakakahore koretake ki te hono me te whakakaha i ngā taura hou.
Whakataunga 5: Te EOT Tuatahi – ngā whakaroa o te tāutanga taura me te whakakaha
I tukuna te tautohe ki te whakawakanga. I whakaae ngā rōpū ko te take o ngā whakaroa ko te mahi paipa me te taura.
Ko te pātai matua hei whakatau ko wai te he o te pakaru o te taura – i puta mai nā te mea he hapa te paipa hiko a Global, nā Sudlows rānei i pakaru te taura i te wā o te tāutanga? Ko tēnei pātai te kaupapa matua o te rangahau whānui mō ngā meka me ngā taunakitanga i uru atu ai ngā kaiwhakaatu hangarau tohunga maha.
I whakatau te kaiwhakawā tuatahi kia tautokona a Sudlows, ā, ka tukuna te EOT tuatahi. I kitea e ia kāore a Sudlows i pakaru te taura, ā, he tika te huarahi i kukume ai a Sudlows i ngā taura mā roto i ngā paipa hiko, i runga anō i ngā kōrero i hoatu e Global.
I runga i ngā taunakitanga hangarau i mua i a ia, i kitea e ia he hapa ngā paipa hiko a Global, ā, kāore i tika mō tana mahi, ā, nā tēnei i pakaru ai te taura, nō reira ko Global te take o ngā whakaroa. Hei tāpiritanga, he tika te korenga o Sudlows ki te whakakaha i ngā taura hou.
Ngā Āhuatanga o te Whakataunga 5: Ngā whakaroa atu mō te whakakaha taura me te whakamātautau
I te ngaronga o te Whakataunga 5, me utu e Global tētahi atu kaimahi kirimana hei whakamātautau me te whakakaha i ngā taura hou. Nā tēnei i roa ake ai te otinga mahi a Sudlows. I roto i tēnei whakamātautau, i whiwhi a Global i ngā taunakitanga hou mai i te kamupene tiwhikete e whakaatu ana kāore he hapa o āna paipa.
I tono a Sudlows i tētahi atu EOT mō ngā whakaroa ki te otinga mahi i te wā e whakahaerehia ana ngā mahi whakamātautau me te whakakaha e te kaiwhakatū tuatoru. I kī a Sudlows koinei te haere tonu o ngā whakaroa nā ngā take o te mahi paipa me te taura, kua whakatauhia kētia e te Adjudication 5 ko te he o Global. I tukuna anō e Sudlows he kereme mō te ngaronga me te whakapaunga £12 miriona.
I whakakahore a Global ki te tuku i te EOT anō, ā, i whakapuaki i tana whakahē ki te putanga o te Whakataunga 5. I kī ia i hē te kaiwhakawa i tana kitenga he hapa te mahi paipa a Global, ā, kāore i tika kia tukuna e ia te EOT tuatahi ki a Sudlows. Nā tēnei tautohe hou i arahi ki te Whakataunga 6.
Whakataunga 6: EOT anō mō ngā whakaroa rere-ake
He rerekē te tautohe Whakawa 6 i te tautohe Whakawa 5 nā te mea i pā ki tētahi tono hou mō tētahi atu EOT e pā ana ki tētahi wā rerekē, me te take whānui ake o te kereme mate me te whakapaunga hou.
Heoi, i puta he take taupatupatu mō te hunga i whai kawenga mō ngā raruraru o ngā paipa me ngā taura i puta ai ngā whakaroa. I whakatauhia tēnei i roto i te Whakataunga 5 hei he nā Global. I tautohe a Sudlows ko tētahi whakaroa tūturu o taua kitenga o mua ko te whai mana o Sudlows ki tētahi atu whakaroa wā mō ngā whakaroa tonu.
I whakaae a Global kei raro i te whakataunga EOT tuatahi i te Whakataunga 5. Heoi, i tana tiaki i tēnei kereme EOT hou, i ārahi a Global i ngā taunakitanga tiwhikete hangarau hou i riro mai i a ia, e whakaatu ana kāore āna paipa i he, nō reira kāore i a ia te kawenga mō te whakaroa o te EOT hou.
I te aroaro o te whakahē i waenganui i ngā rōpū mō te herenga o ngā whakataunga a te kaiwhakawā o mua, i whiwhi te kaiwhakawā i te Whakawā 6 ( te kaiwhakawā o muri mai ) i te whakaaetanga a ngā rōpū kia tukuna tana whakataunga me ngā whakataunga hei huarahi kē atu – he whakataunga "mēnā he hē ahau".
Whakataunga 6: Whakataunga matua
Whakataunga 6: Kitenga rerekē
I tana kitenga rerekē, i mea ia mēnā kāore ia i herea e ngā kitenga a te kaiwhakawā o mua, kāti i runga i ngā painga o ngā taunakitanga i mua i a ia (ina koa ko ngā taunakitanga hou a Global mō ngā paipa hiko), ko tana kitenga ko Sudlows te kawenga mō ngā take o ngā paipa hiko me ngā taura, kaua ko Global, nō reira he koretake hoki te whakakorenga a Sudlows ki te whakakaha i ngā taura.
I raro i tēnei whakataunga rerekē, kāore a Sudlows e whai mana ki te EOT anō, ā, me utu e ia ki a Global neke atu i te £200,000.
Ka whakamanahia e te Kōti Matua ngā whakataunga kē a te kaiwhakawā hei tautoko i a Global
Kōti Pīra: Whakakorehia te whakataunga a te Kōti Matua, ā, ka whakatakotohia ngā mātāpono ārahi
I whakakorea e te Kōti Pīra te whakataunga a te Kōti Matua, ā, i whakahokia mai te whakataunga tuatahi a te kaiwhakawā hei tautoko i a Sudlows. Ahakoa i whakaae ia he pai te taurite o tēnei take, i whakamāramahia e ia he hē rawa te whakataunga a te Kōti Matua.
Ngā mātāpono whakatau raupapa
I whai wāhi te Kōti Pīra ki te whakatakoto i ngā mātāpono whānui e toru o te ture mō te mana whakahaere me ngā take taupatupatu i roto i ngā whakataunga raupapa.
Hei tikanga whānui, kaua te whakataunga o muri mai e arahi ki tētahi hua e tino rerekē ana ki te hua o te whakataunga o mua.
Mātāpono 1: Te kaupapa, te tere, te mutunga (wā poto) me te mooni
Ko te hiahia kia tere, me te hiranga o te whakatau whakamutunga rangitahi, ko te tikanga me whai ngā kaiwhakawā me ngā kōti e whai ake nei e pāngia ana e ngā take taupatupatu i tētahi huarahi pakari, whai whakaaro noa, kaua e tātari uaua i ngā āhuatanga, i ngā taunakitanga me ngā whakamāramatanga o ngā ture kēhi.
He mea nui ake te āhua o te whakataunga o mua i te āhua me ngā ihirangi o te 'whakataunga' whaiti tonu.
Mātāpono 2: Ngāwari, te whakaaro noa me te tika
Ko te pātai a Quietfield mō te huarahi 'meka me te taumata' me taurite, i ia take, i ia take, i waenga i te aukati i te whakawā anō me te kore e aukati i ngā kereme hou, i ngā parepare hou rānei. Ko te whakautu me hua mai i te whakaaro noa me te tika.
Mātāpono 3: Kore-whakararuraru
Mā te kaiwhakawā o muri mai e whakatau mēnā kei te herea te kaiwhakawā o muri mai e ngā kitenga o mua mō ngā take taupatupatu. Kaua ngā Kōti e pokanoa ki te whakatau a taua kaiwhakawā mēnā kāore i te tino hē.
Ngā take a te Kōti Pīra
- I takahi te whakataunga a te Kōti Matua i ngā mātāpono o runga ake nei me te kaupapa o te whakataunga hanga, arā, te whakarato i tētahi whakautu tere, rangitahi e 'mau tonu ai te take' kia whakatauhia rā anō he tautohe e ngā whakahaerenga a te kōti, e te whakatau tautohe rānei.
- I hē te pokanoa a te Kōti Matua ki te tirohanga a te kaiwhakawā o muri mai, arā, i herea ia e ngā kitenga o mua. Kāore he mea i roto i ngā take a te kaiwhakawā, i ngā kitenga rānei mō te mana whakahaere i tino hē hei whakamana i te pokanoa a te kōti.
- Ko te take taupatupatu o te tangata nāna i whakahaere ngā take o te mahi paipa me te taura i hua ake ai ngā whakaroa, he wāhanga nui, he pūtake rānei tēnei o ngā whakaaro o te kaiwhakawā o mua (whai muri i a Carillion ).
- Ko te whakataunga a te Kōti Matua kāore te kaiwhakawā o muri mai i herea e te tirohanga a te kaiwhakawā o mua mō te take taupatupatu i kore ai e aro ki taua wāhanga nui, ā, i puta he hua kāore i te hototahi ki te whakataunga whakataunga o mua.
- Ko te mea i pā ngā tautohe e rua ki ngā EOT mō ngā wā rerekē he rerekētanga hangai noa iho i roto i ngā āhuatanga. Ahakoa he rerekē te wā i te tautohe o mua, kāore he mea kē atu i rerekē, ā, kāore he kōrero hou, he take hou rānei mō te whakaroa anō.
- Kāore i te whai pānga te puta mai o ngā taunakitanga hou ki te āhua ōrite o ngā tautohe e rua. He rerekētanga i waenganui i te 'tautohe' me ngā taunakitanga e ārahihia ana e tētahi rōpū hei tautoko i tō rātou tūnga i roto i taua tautohe.
- I whakaaro te kaiwhakawā o mua ko Global te kawenga mō ngā take taura me ngā paipa hiko, nō reira kāore i te tika te kaiwhakawā o muri mai ki te tirotiro anō i tēnā. Nō reira, kāore he pānga o ngā taunakitanga hou mō ngā paipa hiko, ā, kāore e whakaaetia.
- Ahakoa i whakaatu mārama ngā taunakitanga hou i hē te kaiwhakawā o mua ki ngā meka mō ngā paipa, i mau tonu a Global ki tēnā, ā, ko tā rātou rongoā anake he wero i roto i te kōti, i te whakatau tautohe rānei.
Whakamutunga
I puta te āwangawanga i waenga i ngā kaimahi whakatau hanga whare mō te whakataunga a te Kōti Matua. I whakahēngia mō te whakararuraru, te whakararuraru i te kaupapa whakatau, te whakatenatena i ngā wero maha, me te noho hei takahanga whakamuri mō te umanga.
He mea whakaharikoa te whakatau a te Kōti Pīra ki te whakakore i taua whakataunga, ā, ko ngā ture me ngā mātāpono kua whakatakotoria i roto i tēnei whakataunga e whakarato ana i te māramatanga me te aratohu pai mō ngā rōpū, ngā kaitohutohu me ngā kaiwhakawā mō te whakatau i ngā take taupatupatu i roto i ngā whakataunga raupapa.
Ngā Tohutoro
[1] Sudlows Ltd v Global Estates 1 Limited [2023] EWCA 813 .
[2] I kōrerohia e mātou i mua tētahi whakataunga a te Kōti Matua o mua me tētahi whakataunga motuhake mō tētahi wāhanga o mua o te raupapa whakataunga Sudlows v Global i te putanga 42 o BuildLaw .
[3] Sudlows (EWCA), i runga ake i te n 1, i [33].
[4] Pararāfu 9(2) o te Kaupapa mō ngā Kirimana Hanga (Ingarangi me Wales) Ture 1998 .
[5] Quietfield Ltd v Vascroft Construction Ltd [2006] EWCA Civ 1737 i [47].
[6] Hyder Consulting v Carillion [2011] EWHC 1810.
[7] Sudlows Ltd v Global Switch Estates 1 Ltd [2022] EWHC 3319 .
