Kupu Whakataki
I waenganui i te tau 2010 me te tau 2017, i whakangaromia e ngā ahi ētahi whare teitei i Ahitereiria, Haina, Dubai, me te United Kingdom. Nā te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi whakakikorua e rua e mura ana te ahi i tere horapa ai ēnei ahi – ko te konumohe hiato ( ACP ) me te polyethylene ( PE ). Ko te whakakotahitanga o ēnei rauemi e whakamahia ana hei whakakikorua kua whakaahuatia he rite ki te wahie tīhi i whakatakotoria ki waenganui i ngā pepa konumohe angiangi e rua.
Nā te pāmahana o te mura tika i whakaiti te kiri konumohe o ēnei panera hiato, ā, ka mura te matua polyethylene. Nā ngā panera i whakarato he kawenga wahie poutū kia tere ake ai te haere o te ahi ki runga i te tuanui. I whakaahuahia e te Inihinia Haumaru Ahi o Ahitereiria, a Mr. Tony Enright, te ngāwari o te mura me te ngāwari o te ACP me te PE:
Ka tukuna e te kirokaramu o te polyethylene te nui o te pūngao rite tonu ki te kirokaramu o te penehīni, ā, ka kino atu i tēnā nā te mea he kikī ake te polyethylene i te penehīni, nō reira, tata ki te kotahi me te iti, kotahi me te hawhe rita o te penehīni te kirokaramu o te polyethylene. Ki te titiro koe ki tētahi wāhanga tapawhā kotahi mita te roa, kotahi mita te whānui [o te whakakikorua PE Core ACP] ka toru kirokaramu te rahi, e rite ana ki te rima rita o te penehīni.
I roto noa i te waru meneti, i pau te 15 ngā taumata i te ahi i mura ai te whare Lacrosse Apartment e 21 ngā papa i Melbourne. Nā te putanga mai o ēnei ahi kua huri te tirohanga a te umanga hanga whare ki ngā mata o mua, ā, koinei te pūtake o ngā huringa tonu ki te paerewa o te whakamātautau ahi mata o mua, me te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi whakamarumaru haumaru ake i roto i ngā whenua maha.
Te Whakapuakitanga o te Ārai i ngā Hua Whakatakotoranga Mōrearea-Tiketike o Wikitōria
I whai mana te Whakapuakitanga Ārai i ngā Hua Whakatakotoranga Mōrearea-Tiketike (Whakapuakitanga) puta noa i Wikitōria i te 1 o Pēpuere 2021. E whakamārama ana te Whakapuakitanga i ngā rauemi whakatakotoranga pakitara e āraia ana te whakamahi i roto i te hanganga o ngā whare kei raro i ngā whare "Momo A me te Momo B". Ko ngā whare kei raro i ēnei kāwai ko ngā whare noho, ngā hōtēra, ngā whare tiaki kaumātua, me ngā hōhipera he nui ake i te rua ngā papa, ngā whare tari, ngā pokapū hokohoko, ngā whare putunga, ngā papa waka, me ngā wheketere he toru, neke atu rānei ngā papa. Ko ngā rauemi whakatakotoranga kua āraia te whakamahi i raro i te Whakapuakitanga ko ngā panera hiato konumohe he iti iho i te 93% te whakakī kohuke kore mahi (mā te taumaha) i roto i te whakatakotoranga o waho hei wāhanga o te pūnaha pakitara me ngā hua polystyrene whānui e whakamahia ana i roto i te pūnaha whakamahana o waho me te pūnaha pakitara whakaoti. Haunga te tono ki ngā kairūri whare, e ārai ana te Whakapuakitanga i te whakamahinga ā-whakaaro o ngā hua kua āraia mā roto i ngā otinga e hangai ana ki te mahi. Kua hangaia he putea $600 miriona hei whakaora i te 500 whare morearea i kitea i roto i tētahi arotake i te tau 2019.
Te whakatikatika i ngā ārai raruraru puta noa i ētahi atu mana whakahaere kua pāngia
Nā te ahi o Grenfell Towers i te tau 2017 i kitea ai neke atu i te 400 ngā whare teitei kua hipokina ki ngā rauemi mura. Ahakoa i whakatinanahia he aukati tere mō te whakamahi i ngā rauemi mura i te United Kingdom i te tau 2018 whai muri i te aituā o Grenfell Towers, he tino puhoi te mahi i mahia mō te tango i ngā paparanga haumaru kore mai i ngā whare o nāianei. Kei te tono te Rōpū Reipa o te United Kingdom kia āwhina te kāwanatanga i ngā rau mano o ngā tāngata e noho tonu ana i roto i ngā whare teitei kua hipokina ki ngā paparanga morearea. Kua tono te Rōpū Reipa kia whakatūria he rōpū mahi ā-motu hei whakatau i te maha o ngā whare kua pāngia e ngā paparanga morearea nui (me te nui o te pānga ki a rātou), ā, kia whakatikahia e te rōpū mahi te take.
Ko ēnei mahi he wāhanga o te Pire Haumaru Ahi e whai ana kia tautuhia tuatahitia ngā whare e tino mōrearea ana ki te ahi, kia tangohia tonutia ngā paparanga mōrearea nui mai i ngā whare kua tautuhia me te āwhina o te pūtea a te kāwanatanga, ā, ko te whāinga kia tiakina ngā kaipupuri rīhi me ngā kaipupuri takoha mai i te pikaunga i ngā utu o ngā mahi whakatikatika whānui. Ahakoa kua whakahaua e te kāwanatanga he pūtea hei tango i ngā paparanga mōrearea nui mai i ngā whare noho tūmatanui, ā, kua oati hoki ki te tuku pūtea hei whakatika i ngā whare noho tūmataiti kua pāngia, tae noa ki Hakihea 2020, tata ki te 165 ngā whare kei te tatari tonu kia whakatikahia.
I te tau 2016, i aukatia e te Kaunihera o Sharjah o Dubai te whakamahinga o ngā papa ārai mōrearea nui i muri i te ahi o te Torch Towers, e 352 mita te teitei, e rua ngā wā i roto i ngā tau e rua. Kāore e whakaaetia kia whakamahia he papa ārai ACP ki ngā whare neke atu i te 23 mita te teitei, e whitu rānei ngā papa, hei wāhanga o te mata o te whare. Kua tae mai te Kaunihera ki te āwhina i ngā kaipupuri whare mā te āwhina ki te whakakapi i ngā papa ārai mōrearea nui me te whakahaere i ngā tirotiro hei arotake i ngā whakaritenga haumaru o ngā whare e mau tonu ana ō rātou mata ārai mōrearea. Ka whakahaerehia e te komiti tirotiro ngā tirotiro me te hanga i ngā huringa e ai ki te Mahere Hangarau me te Hanga Whare a te Kaunihera.
I whakangaromia e te ahi o Shanghai i te tau 2010 tētahi whare noho 28-papa, ā, i mate ai te 58 tāngata – 36 o rātou kei te ngaro tonu. Ko te Ture Whakahaere Ahi o te Repupiripia o te Iwi o Haina e kapi ana i te aukati ahi, ngā paerewa mō ngā mahi hanga me te kawenga ture. Ahakoa he tuhinga tino whānui, he maha ngā takahi, e ai ki ngā pūrongo. Mai i te aituā o Shanghai, kua tangohia e te tari tinei ahi o Shanghai ngā tikanga pēnei i te whakamahinga o ngā waka rererangi rererangi kua whakauruhia ki ngā kāmera infrared e taea ai te noho ki te rangi mō ngā haora 24 me ngā rōkete tinei ahi e taea ai te whakarewa i ngā matū hei tinei i ngā ahi tae atu ki te 80 taumata teitei.
I pēhea te whai a Aotearoa i te tauira?
Kāore anō kia pāngia ngā whare teitei o Aotearoa e ngā ahi e pā ana ki ngā whakakikorua ACP me PE, heoi, hei whakautu i te aituā o Grenfell Towers, i kitea e tētahi arotake e 209 ngā whare he whakakikorua mura pea i Tāmaki Makaurau anake. I te tau 2019, i arotakehia anō e te Manatū Auaha Pakihi me te Mahi (MBIE) ngā tikanga whakamātautau ahi mō ngā pūnaha whakakikorua, ā, i whakaurua te aratohu Mahi o ngā Pūnaha Whakakikorua Pakitara o Waho hei taahiraa tuatahi. E kiia ana kei te haere tonu ngā whakamātautau ahi nui o ngā whakakikorua, ā, he tino pakari ake te ture mō ngā pūnaha tiaki tārua i Aotearoa i tā Ahitereiria me te United Kingdom.
Ko te tono kia whakarerekētia te taahiraa whai muri a MBIE ki te aro atu ki te mōrearea o te whakakikoruatanga mōrearea nui i tīmata i te Whiringa-ā-rangi 2020. I arotahi te tono ki te whakawhānui i te huinga o ngā paerewa whakamātautau kua whakahuatia ki ngā mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana i ētahi atu mākete, me te whakawhānui ake i te urunga atu ki ngā hua ki te whenua, me te pupuri tonu i te taumata haumaru e tika ana. [1] Ko te whāinga o ngā whakatikatika i whakaurua e te MBIE he whakarato i te wā roa atu ki te mawhiti i tētahi whare e mura ana mā te whakawhāiti i te horapa o te ahi ki te 3.5 mita poutū mai i te pūtake ahi i runga i te whakakikoruatanga o waho, hei ārai i te horapa o te ahi i waenga i ngā rawa mā te whakarite kia kaua e mura ngāwari ngā rauemi e tata ana ki te rohe, me te whakawhāiti i te mōrearea whānui o te kino ki ngā kainoho o te whare. Ko te tumanako a te MBIE kia tutuki tēnei mā te tātari i te tūponotanga me te hua o te korenga o tētahi pūnaha haumaru ahi e whai ana ki te whakahaere i te horapa o te ahi. [2]
Ahakoa ngā panonitanga i whakatinanahia e te MBIE, kei te haere tonu ngā āwangawanga mō te tokomaha o te hunga e noho tonu ana i roto i ngā whare e mōrearea ana, ā, kāore i te mōhiotia āhea, mēnā rānei, ka whakahaerehia ngā mahi whakatikatika. Kua whakapuaki ngā kaiwhakahaere tahi, a Shawn McIsaac rāua ko James Powers o Oculus Architectural Engineering, i ō rāua āwangawanga mō te whakaroa mutunga kore o te whakamātautau ahi pakari a MBIE, ahakoa te maha o ngā tono i tae mai kia whakahaerehia ēnei whakamātautau. Kei te āwangawanga anō hoki rāua mō te korenga o te rākau i te whakamātautau mō ngā whare tae atu ki te 25 mita te teitei (ngā whare waenga-teitei). Pērā i ngā rauemi mura katoa, me whai i ngā whakaritenga whakamātautau ōrite te rākau e whakamahia ana mō ngā mata o mua, me te taurangi ka taea te tiaki i ēnei mata o mua mēnā ka puta he ahi. Ko te korenga o te rākau i te whakamātautau ahi kua kiia he mahi hē, ā, kāore e rite ki ngā tauira o te ao.
Ahakoa he whare teitei kei Aotearoa kua whakakakahuhia ki te ACP me te PE, kāore e tino tūpono ka puta he aituā pēnei i a Grenfell i konei. He rerekē ki ngā Grenfell Towers, he ture kei ngā whare teitei o Aotearoa kia whai pūwero wai, ā, he mea noa kia whakauruhia hoki ngā taupee o roto o ngā whare teitei ki ngā pūwero wai. Kei konei ētahi atu kōrero mō ngā panoni a MBIE.
Ngā Tohutoro
[1] https://www.building.govt.nz/assets/Uploads/building-code-compliance/building-code-updates/2020-building-code-updates-cladding-infographic.pdf .
[2] https://www.building.govt.nz/assets/Uploads/building-code-compliance/building-code-updates/2020-building-code-updates-cladding-infographic.pdf .
