I te 9 o Poutū-te-rangi 2017, i tukuna te Pire Whakatikatika Whakatau Tautohe (te Pire ) ki te Paremata. Ko te kaupapa o te pire he whakatikatika i te Ture Whakatau Tautohe 1996 (te Ture ) ki:
He nui te takoha a ngā tarahiti me ā rātou ture ā-iwi ki te ōhanga o te ao, e whakaputa ana i ngā piriona tāra o te moni whiwhi me ngā utu a ngā kaitiaki. I ngā tekau tau tata nei, ko te pikinga ake o te whakamahinga o ngā tarahiti o uta me o tai kua piki ake te tautohetohe nā te mea kua kitea e te tini he tino mōrearea te whakatau ture nā te koretake o te whakamanatanga o ngā whakaaetanga whakatau ture i roto i ngā tiiti tarahiti.
He tino tika, he pai hoki te whakatau tautohe hei tukanga whakatau i ngā tautohe e pā ana ki ngā whakawhirinakitanga, ā, inā koa, kei roto i te horopaki o te ao te painga tāpiri o te whakamana i ngā whakataunga i raro i te Kawenata o Niu Ioka. Heoi, nā te āhua o ngā whakawhirinakitanga kua hua ake te koretake mēnā ka herea te whakatau tautohe i whakahaerehia i raro i te rarangi whakatau tautohe i roto i te whakaaetanga whakawhirinaki i raro i te Ture. Ko ngā tautohe e whakahē ana i te herenga o ngā rarangi whakatau tautohe i roto i ngā whakaaetanga whakawhirinaki ko ngā whakaaetanga whakawhirinaki e whakauru ana i ngā whakaaetanga whakatau tautohe ehara i te kirimana, tera pea kāore he mana motuhake ki te here i ngā tāngata whai pānga kāore i hainatia, me te kore e whai māngai mō ngā pānga o ētahi tāngata whai pānga o te whakawhirinakitanga, arā, ko ngā tamariki/te hunga kāore i te kaha, me ngā tāngata whai pānga kāore i te ingoatia me te kore i te mōhiotia.
Nā tēnei āwangawanga kua whakawhāitihia te whakamahinga whai hua o te whakatau tautohe i roto i ngā tautohe whakawhirinakitanga. Heoi anō, ka taea te tango i te āwangawanga mā te whakarite kia whakaarohia ngā rarangi whakatau tautohe i roto i ngā tiiti whakawhirinakitanga hei whakaaetanga whakatau tautohe mō ngā kaupapa o te Ture. Mā te whakamārama he rite tonu te mana o ngā taraipiunara whakatau tautohe ki te Kōti Matua ki te whakatū i ngā tāngata hei whakahaere i ngā tautohe mō ngā tāngata iti, kāore anō kia whānau, kāore rānei i te mōhiotia ngā tāngata whai pānga (ngā momo tāngata whai pānga rānei), ko te hunga kāore e taea te tohu i a rātou anō ka whai tohu whai hua, me te whakarite kia herea ngā rōpū whai pānga katoa e tetahi whakataunga a te taraipiunara whakatau tautohe. He tikanga pai te whakatau tautohe mō te whakatau tautohe e pā ana ki ngā whakawhirinakitanga nā te mea he pai ake tōna tūmataitinga ki te āhua tūmataiti o te nuinga o ngā whakawhirinakitanga.
Kei te horapa haere te tautoko mō te whakatau tautohe whakawhirinaki. I ngā tau tata nei, kua neke atu ētahi atu mana whakahaere ki te whakahou i ngā ture hei whakarato mārama mō te whakatau tautohe whakawhirinaki, tae atu ki ngā whenua e rima i te USA; i tautoko te Kōti Matua i Texas i tētahi whakaritenga whakatau tautohe i roto i tētahi whakawhirinaki i te korenga o tētahi ture motuhake; i whakatinanahia e Guernsey me Bahamas ngā whakahoutanga i te tau 2007 me te 2011 kia taea ai te whakatau tautohe whakawhirinaki; ā, ka whakatinanahia e Switzerland ngā whakataunga whakatau tautohe e pā ana ki ngā whakatau tautohe whakawhirinaki i raro i āna whakaritenga taupatupatu ture.
Ko te tūnga taunoa o nāianei i raro i te wāhanga 14F o te Ture, me tūmatanui ngā whakahaerenga kōti mō ngā take whakatau tautohe. Kāore tēnei huarahi e rite ana ki te noho muna e tukuna ana ki ngā whakahaerenga whakatau tautohe me ētahi atu huarahi ture o te ao e whai ana ki te tiaki i taua noho muna. Kua taurite ētahi atu mana whakahaere i waenga i te whakawa tuwhera me te noho muna o ngā whakahaerenga whakatau tautohe i roto i te huarahi e tiaki ana i te noho muna. Kāore hoki te Wāhanga 14F e rite ana ki te nekehanga ki te tiaki i te noho muna o ngā whakahaerenga whakatau tautohe i roto i te Ture Whakatikatika Whakatau Tautohe 2007. Mā te whakahou i te wāhanga 14F mā te whakauru i tētahi whakaaro whakahē mō te noho muna ka tautoko i ngā mātāpono o nāianei i raro i te wāhanga 5 mā te hanga i a Aotearoa hei wāhi e pai ake ai mō te whakatau tautohe o te ao.
Kua roa a BDT e tautoko ana i te whakaaro kia noho muna ngā mahi a te Kōti e pā ana ki ngā take whakatau tautohe. E whakamārama ana ā mātou ture whakatau tautohe, i roto i ngā wāhanga 14H(d) o te Ture, e whakaae ana ngā rōpū me whakahaere motuhake ngā mahi a te Kōti e pā ana ki te whakatau tautohe, ki te whānuitanga katoa e whakaaetia ana e te ture. Heoi, ko te tūnga taunoa o nāianei ko te whakahaere a te Kōti i ngā mahi i raro i te Ture i te aroaro o te marea, ā, ko tētahi whakaaetanga kia whakahaerea motuhake ngā mahi pērā i te mea kua whakaritea i roto i ā mātou ture he mea noa iho tēnei hei whakaaroaro mā te Kōti i te wā e whakatau ana.
Ko ngā Tuhinga 34 me te 36 o te Āpitihanga 1, e pā ana ki te whakamanatanga o tētahi whakataunga whakatau tautohe, i roto i te whakataunga a te Kōti Matua o Aotearoa i roto i te keehi Carr v Gallaway Cook Allan [2014] NZSC 75, i tautohetia ai te whakamāramatanga o te "whakaaetanga whakatau tautohe".
I taua kēhi, i whakatau te Kōti Matua ehara i te whakaaetanga whakatau tautohe whai mana te whakaaetanga whakatau tautohe e whakarato ana i te huarahi kore mana ki te whakatau whakatau tautohe (piira i runga i te pātai meka).
I roto i te whakataunga i roto i te keehi a Carr, i whakaatuhia te hiahia kia whakatikatikaina ēnei tuhinga kia rite ki ngā huarahi o tāwāhi ki te tango i ngā whakaritenga o te Ture Tauira. Mā te whakawhāiti i ngā tuhinga 34(2)(a)(i) me te 36(1)(a)(i) ka whakawhāiti i te whānuitanga o te Kōti ki te whakakore, ki te kore rānei e whakaae/whakamana i tētahi whakataunga whakatau tautohe e kore pea e taea te whakamana nā te mea kei te taupatupatu ngā whakaritenga tukanga ki te Ture, i roto i ngā āhuatanga e mārama ana te whakaae a ngā rōpū ki te tuku tautohe ki te whakatau tautohe. He rerekē te reo o te whakatikatika kua whakaarohia mai i te Ture Tauira engari koinei te huringa iti rawa e tika ana hei whakatika i te raruraru i whakaarahia i roto i te keehi a Carr.
Mā ngā whakatikatika ki ngā tuhinga 34(2)(a)(iv) me te 36(1)(a)(iv) ka aro ki ngā tirohanga a te nuinga i roto i te tuhinga Carr, arā, ko te reo mō te kore-whakaiti i roto i te tuhinga 34(2)(a)(iv) kāore he whakamahinga whānui atu i tua atu i te Āpitihanga 1, ā, ka honoa te ture o Aotearoa ki ngā ture o tāwāhi. Ko ngā tuhinga 34(2)(a)(iv) e rite ana ki ngā ture o Ahitereiria (Ture Whakatau Tauākī ā-Ao 1974 me ngā Ture Whakatau Tauākī Tauhokohoko i ia Kāwanatanga), te Ture Whakatau Tauākī ā-Motu o Hong Kong 2011, me te Ture Whakatau Tauākī ā-Ao o Singapore 1994 e pā ana ki te Ture katoa, ehara i te mea ko ngā wāhanga Ture Tauira anake pērā i tā mātou Ture. Ko te herenga o nāianei i raro i te Ture ki te whakaiti i raro i te Āpitihanga 1 anake he hapa, ā, mā te whakatikatika ka whakarite kia tiakina te mātāpono o te kore-whakaiti me te whai mana tika i roto i te whakakorenga me te whakatinana i ngā tukanga.
Mā te whakamārama mārama i te hua o te kore whakahē ki te mana whakahaere o te taraipiunara whakatau tautohe ki te whakarongo me te whakatau i tētahi tautohe i runga anō i te tuhinga 16(3) o te Āpitihanga 1, ka whakarite kia tukuna ngā whakahē i te wā tika, ā, kāore e taea te whakarongo, te whai mana rānei i waho o te wā.
I te wā i whai mana ai te Ture Whakatau Tautohenga 1996 i te 1 o Hūrae 1997, i tino whakarerekētia te anga ture o Aotearoa mō ngā whakatau tautohenga mā te whakauru i te Ture Tauira UNCITRAL ki roto i te Ture o Aotearoa.
I te wā i whai mana ai te Ture Whakatikatika Whakatau Tautohe 2007 i te 18 o Oketopa 2007, ko Aotearoa te whenua tuatahi o te ao ki te tango i ngā whakaritenga ture hou katoa a te Komihana o te Kotahitanga o ngā Whenua mō te Ture Tauhokohoko o te Ao ( UNCITRAL ) mō ngā mahi wā poto me ngā whakahau tuatahi me ētahi whakarerekētanga iti noa iho. I whakaurua mai hoki e ia ētahi whakarerekētanga hangarau ki te Ture Whakatau Tautohe 1996 hei whakapakari i te whakatau tautohe hei huarahi whakatau tautohe tūmataiti i Aotearoa, me te whakarei ake i te whakamahinga o te whakatau tautohe hei tikanga whakaae mō te whakatau i ngā tautohe arumoni me ētahi atu tautohe. I tino whakapai ake i ngā whakaritenga muna o te Ture Whakatau Tautohe 1996, i whakakorea ngā piira e ngana ana ki te "whakakakahu" i ngā pātai meka hei pātai ture, ā, i whakarei ake i ngā tika kaihoko me te whakapai ake i te tiaki kaihoko.
I te 1 o Poutū-te-rangi 2017, ka whai mana ētahi atu whakatikatika ki te Ture Whakatau Tautohe 1996. I whānuitia te whakamāramatanga o te taraipiunara whakatau tautohe kia uru atu ai ngā whare whakatau tautohe me ngā kaiwhakatau tautohe ohorere, ā, i hiahiatia te Minita Ture ki te whakatū i tētahi tinana hei whakahaere i ngā mahi whakatūnga hei utu mō te Kōti Matua i roto i ngā take tino onge kāore e pā ngā tikanga whakatūnga taunoa i raro i te rarangi 2 o te Āpitihanga 2.
He mea whakamihi ēnei whakatikatika hou kua whakaarohia. Ka tino whakapai ake i te ture, ā, ka wehe kē a Aotearoa i ētahi atu mana whakahaere – inā koa mō te whakatau tautohe whakawhirinaki, ā, mā te mahi pera, ka whakanui ake i te ataahua o Aotearoa, ā, ka tautuhia hoki hei tūru whakatau tautohe o te ao mō ngā rōpū i te rohe o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa – Ahitereiria.
