Te taunekeneke i waenga i te CCA me ngā tikanga paerewa o te kirimana
Ko ngā moni pupuri e puritia ana hei moni pupuri kua whakaritea i roto i ngā kirimana hanga, ā, i te nuinga o te wā kei waenga i te rima me te tekau ōrau o te uara o te kirimana. Ko te tikanga ka utua te moni pupuri i roto i ngā marama 12 i muri i te otinga o te kirimana.
E kī ana ngā kaituhi o Kennedy-Grant rāua ko Weatherall on Construction Law, ko ngā tikanga paerewa o ngā kirimana hanga i roto i taua kōrero [1] e whakarato ana i te pupuri i ngā utunga ahu whakamua o ngā pupuri, ā, e whakamārama ana: [2]
Ko ngā moni e puritia ana ka whakahokia ki te kaiwhakatū i roto i ngā ōwehenga kua whakaritea i roto i ngā tikanga rerekē i waenga i te otinga mahi/te tango mahi me te utunga whakamutunga. Kāore anō kia kitea mēnā ka whakaaetia tonutia aua whakaritenga i runga i ngā whakaritenga moni pupuri … me te wāhanga 18I, e kī ana me utu te moni pupuri i te wā e tutuki ai ngā herenga katoa i raro i te kirimana, ā, kaua e roa ake.
Ko te mea e kōrerohia ana ko te wāhanga 18I(1)(b) o te CCA, e whakakore ana i tētahi wāhanga o tētahi kirimana e ngana ana ki te whakarite i te rā e utua ai te moni pupuri i muri i te rā i whakatutukihia ai e te rōpū B āna herenga katoa i raro i te kirimana ki te paerewa i whakaaetia i raro i te kirimana .
Te tātaritanga a te Kōti Matua o Wikitōria
I ia rā tohutoro i raro i tētahi kirimana hanga, ā, mai i tēnā rā, ko te tangata— (a) kua whakaae ki te mahi i ngā mahi hanga i raro i te kirimana; (b) kua whakaae ki te tuku taonga me ngā ratonga e pā ana i raro i te kirimana— ka whai mana ki tētahi utu haere whakamua i raro i tēnei Ture, ka tatauhia mā te tohutoro ki taua rā.I roto Punton's Shoes v Citi-Con, I tukuna e Punton tētahi kereme utu mō te 50% o te moni pupuri e puritia ana e Citi-Con.[3] I kitea e te Kōti Matua o Wikitōria kāore he whakaritenga o ngā tikanga o te kirimana mō te kereme utu a Punton mō ngā moni pupuri, ā, ehara te kereme i te āhua o te kereme utu i raro i te Ture SoP. I whakatau ia:
[110] …he rerekē te āhua o tētahi mana, te tika rānei kei roto i te Kaiwhakatū ki te whakahoki i tētahi wāhanga o ngā moni pupuri, ā, he rerekē i tētahi kereme i raro i te Kirimana mō te uara o te mahi i mahia, i tētahi tika rānei i raro i te Ture SoP mō te uara o te mahi hanga i mahia me ngā taonga me ngā ratonga e pā ana.
[111] He rerekē ki te mana kereme utu, ka whakaratohia e te Kirimana he tikanga hei whakatikatika i ngā mana o ngā rōpū e pā ana ki ngā moni i tangohia mā te pupuri. Ko te moni katoa e puritia ana mā te pupuri me whai whakaaro ki te tukanga whakamana Whakamutunga i raro i te … Kirimana, ā, mā reira ka whakaurua ki te moni e utua ana i waenganui i te Kaituku me te Tumuaki i runga i te whakatikatika whakamutunga o ngā mana o ia rōpū i raro i te Kirimana. Ko ngā whakaritenga e pā ana ki te pupuri, te whakaiti, te whakahoki moni me te haumarutanga o te Kirimana kāore e whakaaro, e whakaae rānei ki ngā kereme utu a te Kaituku mō ngā mahi kirimana i mahia, ngā taonga me ngā ratonga e pā ana rānei i tukuna.
[112] …ko te mana ki te whakahoki mai i ngā moni pupuri i te wā e tukuna ana te Tiwhikete Whakaoti Mahi i raro i te Kirimana, te whakatikatika rānei i raro i [te Kirimana], ehara i te mea he mana utu ahunga whakamua e pā ana ki te mahi i mahia e te Kaihautū i te whakatutukitanga o te Kirimana.
Nā te whakataunga nei, kāore te pūnaha utu haumaru i Wikitōria e ōrite ki ētahi atu kawanatanga me ngā rohe o Ahitereiria tae atu ki NSW, Queensland, ACT, Tasmania, me South Australia, e kiia ana ko ngā pupuri he 'moni kua keremetia', ā, e whakaaetia ana kia whakaurua ki roto i tētahi kereme utu. Ā, e kī ana ngā Ture WA me NT he kupu e whai pānga ana ki te whakatau a te kaiwhakawā mēnā ka mutu te utunga o te moni pupuri ki te kaiwhakatū, e tohu ana ka taea te kereme i aua moni i roto i tētahi kereme utu.
Te CCA me ngā 'utu' i Aotearoa
He pepa kōrero nā MBIE i whakarite hei whakamārama i ngā whakatikatika o te tau 2015 ki ngā whenua CCA: [4]
Kua whakahoutia te whakamāramatanga o te 'moni i keremehia' kia mārama ai ka taea e te kereme utu te tohu i tētahi moni utu e whakapono ana te kaiwhiwhi he tika kia utua i raro i te kirimana.
Hei tāpiritanga, kua tāpirihia he whakamāramatanga hou mō te 'utu' hei whakamārama ko te tikanga o te utu he utu whakamua mō ngā mahi hanga [5] me tētahi atu momo utu e tika ana kia whiwhihia e tētahi rōpū ki tētahi kirimana hanga, [6] arā: ka taea e tētahi kereme utu te tohu i ngā moni i keremehia mō te huamoni, te moni pupuri, ētahi atu moni rānei e tika ana kia utua i raro i te kirimana.
Heoi, i roto i te keehi Rintoul Group Ltd v Far North District Council, [7] i kōrero a Moore J i ēnei kitenga:
Kei roto i te CCA ētahi tohu e whakaatu ana kāore te Paremata i te hiahia kia kiia ngā moni e puritia ana i runga i te pupuri hei utu ahunga whakamua ka taea te kereme i raro i te wāhanga 20. Hei tauira, ka taea te pupuri i ngā moni e puritia ana i runga i te whakawhirinakitanga me te haumi i runga i te Ture Kaitiaki 1956. Ka taea hoki te whakaranu ki ētahi atu moni.
Ahakoa he tirohanga noa iho, e tohu ana tēnei kāore pea te take i te tino mārama pērā i te āhua o te tīmatanga. Kua kite kē tātou i tēnei i mua e pā ana ki ngā whakatikatika ki te CCA, i reira i mārama ai te hunga e whakatakoto ana i ngā whakatikatika ka hangaia he āhuatanga 'whakaarohia' hei whakawhirinakitanga mō te moni pupuri e puritia ana. I te taenga mai o tēnei pātai ki te Kōti Matua i roto i te keehi Bennett v Ebert Construction Ltd , i kitea e Churchman J he rerekē: [8]
Ahakoa i te wāhanga komiti, i kī te Minita Hanga me te Whare o taua wā, a te Hon Dr Nick Smith, ko te hua o te ture i whakaarohia ko te "... e kiia ana ko ngā moni pupuri kei roto i te whakawhirinakitanga...", te āhua nei kāore i hangaia he whakawhirinakitanga e ngā whakaritenga o roto i te ture.
Whakamutunga
Ngā Tohutoro
[1] Ngā Kirimana NZS 2013 me NZS 3915:2005, wāhanga 12.3; NZS 3902:2004, wāhanga 14.2 me te Pouaka H; NZIA SCC 2018 me SCC SF 2016, wāhanga 14.9 me NBC 2018 me NBC SF 2016, wāhanga 14.8; Ngā Pukapuka Whero, Kōwhai me te Hiriwa a FIDIC, wāhanga 14.3(c); Pukapuka Kakariki a FIDIC, wāhanga 11.3.
[2] T Kennedy-Grant me B Weatherall, Kennedy-Grant me Weatherall mō te Ture Hanga [221,660] Ngā Pupuri, LexisNexis NZ Ltd.
[3] Nga Hu o Punton v Citi-Con [2020] VSC 514 .
[4] Paetukutuku a te Manatū Pakihi Auaha me te Mahi Whakapakari Mahi:
[5] Wāhanga 19(a) CCA.
[6] Wāhanga 19(b) CCA.
[7] Rintoul Group Ltd v Far North District Council [2019] NZHC 2577.
[8] Bennett v Ebert Construction Ltd (i roto i te rec me te liq) [2018] NZHC 2934 .
[9] Wāhanga 3 CCA.
[10] I tāpirihia i te 31 o Poutū-te-rangi 2015 e te wāhanga 18 o te Ture Whakatikatika Kirimana Hanga 2015.
