Papamuri i Singapore
He kamupene i whakaurua ki Hingaiapore a Diamond Glass ( DG ) me Zhong Kai ( ZK ). He kaiwhakarato taputapu me ngā mahi karāhe a DG mō ngā whare taputapu me ngā mahi e pā ana ki a ZK i runga i te kaupapa Taunga Rererangi o Changi.
I rīhitia tēnei kaupapa ki tētahi kaiwhakatū matua tuatoru. Kāore i oti i a DG āna mahi kirimana i te wā tika (i whakarērea e ia ngā mahi) ā, i whakakapia a DG e ZK ki tētahi atu kaiwhakatū i oti ai ngā mahi i te 30 o Hepetema 2018. I whakaae a ZK ki te whakakorenga a DG i te kirimana (nā te kore utu i kīia). E ai ki a DG nā ZK me ētahi atu i piki ake i te mekameka kirimana i puta ai ngā whakaroa. [1] I te mutunga, kāore he take o ngā take whakaroa a DG.
Kāore a DG i tono ā-tuhi mō te whakaroa i te wā hei whakaritenga mō te whiwhi i taua whakaroa. [2] I hiahiatia kia mahia tēnei i roto i ngā rā 30 mai i te wā i kīia ai nā ZK i whakaroa. [3] I kitea he raruraru i tēnei korenga.
I roto i te whakataunga a te Kōti o raro, i whakaaetia te $501,800 hei utu mō ngā utu kua oti te whakarite ki a ZK. I te piira, i tukuna e te Kaiwhakawā Quentin Loh te whakataunga a te hunga whakawā tokotoru, ā, i whakaitihia te utu mō ngā utu kua oti te whakarite ki a DG hei painga mō ZK mā te $165,000 ( Whakataunga ). I runga i te whakaaro i whakataua kia mutu te kirimana i te 1 o Hūrae 2018, [4] ā, i tangohia te utu mō ngā utu kua oti te whakarite mō ngā rā 92.
Te koretake tuatahi i Ingarangi
I tika te whakapūmautanga o ngā utunga kua whakawāteatia i roto i te Whakataunga? Ko te tūranga o Hingaiapore e kī ana ka taea e te kaiwhakatū matua te whakawhirinaki ki ngā whakaritenga utunga kua whakawāteatia o te kirimana ahakoa kua mutu te kirimana, kua waiho kia āhua koretake e te whakataunga piira a te Kōti Pīra o Ingarangi. Nā ngā whakataunga Triple Point Technology Inc v PTT Public Co [2019] EWCA Civ 230 ( Triple Point (CA)) i hurihia i roto i te Kōti Matua o te UK i roto i te Triple Point Technology Inc v PTT Public Company Ltd [2021] UKSC 29 ( Triple Point (SC)) te take i whakapōrearea ai. Ahakoa a Triple Point (SC) kāore i whakaū mārama i te tika o te tūranga o Hingaiapore.
I roto i ngā take e rua, ko te pātai matua ko te whakamahi i tētahi rarangi e whakatakoto ana i ngā utu kua whakaritea mō te whakaroa i ngā wā kāore i tutuki i te kaiwhakatū, i te kaiwhakarato rānei te otinga. Ko ētahi atu take i pā ki te whakamaoritanga o ngā kupu motuhake i roto i te kirimana i mua i ngā Kōti e rua. [5]
I roto i te Triple Point (CA) e toru ngā huarahi rerekē i puta ake hei whakautu i te pātai mēnā ka taea e te kaitukumahi (i konei, ZK) te whakawhirinaki ki tētahi rarangi e whakatakoto ana i ngā utu kua whakaroahia mō te whakaroa i ngā āhuatanga kāore i tutuki i te kaiwhakatū (i konei, DG) te otinga nā te whakamutu: [6]
- kāore te rarangi e pā;
- ka pā noa te rarangi ki te whakamutua o te kirimana; [7] ā
- Ka pā tonu te rārangi kōrero kia oti rā anō ngā mahi i te kaiwhakatū whakakapi.
I a ia e whakaaro ana ki ēnei huarahi, i kī a Tā Rupert Cross: [8]
I roto i ngā pukapuka ako, ko te kāwai (ii) te tātaritanga tuku iho, engari kāore taua huarahi i te kore uaua. … Ki taku titiro, ko te pātai mēnā ka mutu te whakamahi i te rarangi utu nama (a) me te haere tonu rānei te whakamahi (b) tae noa ki te whakamutu/whakarērea, tae noa ki tua atu rānei i taua rā, me whakawhirinaki ki te kupu o te rarangi tonu. Kāore he ture pumau e kī ana me whakamahi ngā utu nama hei tauira mō te utu i te kaitukumahi mō tētahi wāhanga o tana mate.
I roto i te LW Infrastructure i Singapore, i whakamahia e te Kōti te tātaritanga tuku iho i te whakatau ko te wāhanga utunga moni ka pā ki te mutunga o te kirimana. I te [58] o te Whakataunga, i pai ake a LW Infrastructure : [9]
18 … Kua mōhiotia whānuitia ko te pānga o te whakamutu ki ngā utunga kua whakakorea ko te kore e taea te tono kereme mō ngā utunga kua whakakorea mō te wā i muri i te whakamutu. I te korenga o tētahi whakaritenga mārama hei whakahē, kāore te whakamutu i te kirimana e pā ki tētahi kereme mō ngā utunga kua whakakorea mō te wā i mua i te whakamutu.
I te ritenga atu ki a Triple Point (CA), i Triple Point (SC) i tū a Lady Ardern mō te Kōti: [10]
- … Me mārama ngā rōpū ki te ture whānui, arā, ka mutu te kohikohinga o ngā utu kino kua oti te whakarite ina mutu te kirimana (tirohia te Photo Production Ltd v Securicor Transport Ltd [1980] AC 827, 844 me te 849). I muri i taua huihuinga, ka mutu te kirimana a ngā rōpū, ā, me rapu utu kino ngā rōpū mō te takahi i te kirimana i raro i te ture whānui. He mea mārama pai tēnā…
Whakataunga i Singapore
I roto i a Hingaiapore, ka mutu te kawenga mō ngā kino kua kohia i muri i te rā i mutu ai te kirimana. Ka mutu ngā herenga matua i raro i te kirimana i te mutunga, ā, kāore e taea te whakapae i te kaimahi kirimana mō ngā whakaroa i muri i taua rā. I te korenga o ngā whakaritenga motuhake i roto i te kirimana hei whakahē, i roto i te whakataunga i whakaorangia e tēnei te 92 rā o ngā kino tae noa ki te otinga o te kirimana kirimana.
I whakakahoretia e te Kōti te ngana a te Kaiwhakahaere Matua ki te whakaiti ake i ngā utu mā te whakapae i a ZK mō ngā whakaroa i puta mai i a ia anō.
I roto i ngā tuku kōrero ā-waha, i ngana te Kaiwhakahaere Matua ki te whakawhirinaki ki te Gaymark Investments Pty Ltd v Walter Construction Group Ltd [1999] NTSC 143 ki te kī, ahakoa tōna korenga ki te tono kia whakaroahia te wā i raro i te rarangi 4 o te kirimana, i mau tonu te kawenga o ZK mō te utu o ngā whakaroa nā tana whanonga. Ko Gaymark te mana mō te whakaaro, ina he kawenga te tumuaki mō ngā whakaroa o te kaupapa, ahakoa te korenga o te kaimahi kirimana ki te tono tika mō te whakaroa i te wā i waiho ai te wā kia noho noa, ka āraia te tumuaki ki te tono mō ngā utu kino kua oti te whakarite, [11] i raro i ngā tikanga o te kirimana. I tino whakakahoretia tēnei tuku. [12] I tautokohia e te huarahi o Hīngapōra te huarahi i roto i te Multiplex Construction (UK) Ltd v Honeywell Control Systems Ltd (Nama 2) [2007] EHWC 477 (TCC) : [13]
88 Heoi, i roto i te keehi a te UK mō Multiplex Constructions (UK) … i whakaarohia a Gaymark, ā, i whakapae nuitia tōna tika (tirohia te Ture me te Mahi o ngā Kirimana Hanga i ngā para 9.188 me 9.195; Keating i te para 8-034). Ina hoki, i kī te kooti i roto i te Multiplex penei (i [103]):
… Ahakoa te ture o te Rohe o Te Tai Tokerau o Ahitereiria, he nui taku ruarua kei te tohu a Gaymark i te ture o Ingarangi. He whai hua ngā tikanga kirimana e hiahia ana kia tukuna wawetia e te kaiwhakatū he pānui whakaroa; mā tēnei pānui ka taea te tirotiro i ngā take i te wā e mau tonu ana. Hei tāpiri, i ētahi wā ka hoatu e tēnei pānui ki te kaituku mahi te whai wāhi ki te tango i ngā tohutohu ina kitea ngā hua pūtea. Mēnā he ture pai a Gaymark, ka taea e te kaiwhakatū te whakakorekore i tētahi whakaritenga e whakatakoto ana i te pānui tika hei tauira. I runga i tana whiringa, ka taea e te kaiwhakatū te whakatakoto wā noa iho.…
I whakaae a Kaiwhakawā Loh ki a LW Infrastructure Pte Ltd me Triple Point (SC), i whakawhirinaki atu ai te DG ki a rātou. [14]
Whakamutunga
He mea nui te tuku pānui i te wā tika mō te whakaroa i te wā. Ki te kore e pērā, ka ārai pea i te urunga atu ki te whakamāmā i ngā kirimana hanga e herea ana e te ture o Hingaiapore. Ko te whakakorenga o Gaymark i roto i te Whakataunga te wā tuatahi i puta ai tēnei i Hingaiapore, ā, he whakamārama pai tēnei: me tino whakamārama me te whakatinana i te tikanga pānui.
E whakamārama ana te Whakataunga mō te tūranga o Hingaiapoa, ā, e hāngai ana ki te ture o Ingarangi.
Ngā Tohutoro
[1] Diamond Glass Enterprises Pte Limited v Zhong Kai Construction Co Pte Ltd me tētahi atu [2022] SGHC (A) 44 i [14].
[2] I [83], e pā ana ki te rarangi 4 o te kirimana iti.
[3] I [84].
[4] I [63].
[5] Te Pūwāhi Toru (CA) i [1].
[6] Te Tohu Toru (CA) i [106].
[7] Arā, i roto i te keehi LW Infrastructure Pte Ltd v Lim Chan San Contractors Pte Ltd [2011] SGHC 163, ka tirohia i raro nei.
[8] Te Tohu Toru (CA) i [110].
[9] LW Infrastructure Pte Ltd kei [58].
[10] I whakahuatia anōtia e Lord Leggatt i roto i te Triple Point (SC) i [86].
[11] I [87]; Gaymark Investments Pty Ltd v Walter Construction Group Ltd [1999] NTSC 143 i [69].
[12] I [87]–[89].
[13] Multiplex Construction (UK) Ltd v Honeywell Control Systems Ltd (Nama 2) [2007] EHWC 477 (TCC) i [88].
[14] I [57].
