Papamuri
I whakatūria mana a Fletcher Construction hei kaiwhakahaere matua mō te kaupapa Justice Precinct i te marama o Ākuhata 2014. Whai muri iho, ka tono a Electrix mō te mahi kirimana hiko. I te mutunga o Oketopa 2014, ka tukuna e Fletcher Construction tētahi reta whakamana e whakaū ana i a Electrix hei kaiwhakahaere pai mōna. I tuhia e rātou te tumanako ka haere tonu ngā rōpū ki te whiriwhiri i tētahi kirimana katoa, whaimana hoki, engari i kī atu me whakaae a Electrix ki te reta hei mana ki te haere tonu me te mahi i taua wā.
Heoi, i te korenga o te hainatanga mana i tētahi kirimana, ka whakahaerea te whanaungatanga o ngā rōpū e ētahi atu reta whakamana i tukuna e Fletcher Construction. I raro i te mana o ēnei reta, i oti i a Ectrix te mahi. I tukuna e rātou ētahi kereme utu i te haere tonu o te kaupapa.
Kāore i pai te haere o ngā mahi. Nā te ngoikore o te whakahaere, ngā whakaroa, ngā raruraru, me te pēhanga tonu o te wā i pā ki ngā mahi.
I te otinga o te kaupapa o te Ture Whakawā, neke atu i te rua tau te roa, kua tukuna e Eletrix ngā kereme utu tata ki te $29 miriona te tapeke. Nā Fletcher Construction i utu ki a ia te $21.6 miriona.
I whakawakia e Eltrix a Fletcher Construction mō te $7 miriona e kīia ana kei te nama tonu rātou.
Ngā Take
I tū te whakawakanga i te Kōti Matua i te tau kua hipa mō te wā e whā wiki. I hiahiatia a Kaiwhakawā Palmer kia whakatau i ngā take matua e rua. Tuatahi, mēnā he kirimana i waenganui i ngā rōpū. Tuarua, mēnā kāore he kirimana, he aha (mēnā he) moni tāpiri me utu e Fletcher Construction ki a Electrix i runga i te kaupapa quantum meruit .
Te kirimana
E rua ngā whakaritenga matua hei whakatū i te hanganga o tētahi kirimana. Tuatahi, me whai whakaaro ngā rōpū kia herea tonutia. Tuarua, me whai whakaaetanga i waenganui i ngā rōpū, mā te whakapuaki, mā te whakarāpopoto rānei, mō a) ia kupu e tika ana mō te hanganga o tētahi kirimana pēnei, b) ia kupu e whakaarohia ana e ngā rōpū he mea nui ki tā rātou kirimana. Mēnā kei te hiahia ngā rōpū ki te whakauru ki tētahi kirimana, me te angitu rānei, he pātai hei whakatau tika (he mea nui te mahi me te kōrero a ngā rōpū, ehara i te mea ko tā rātou e whakaaro ana).
I tautohe a Fletcher Construction kua oti tētahi kirimana. I kīia he wāhanga tēnei i tuhia, he wāhanga hoki i kōrerotia. I roto i ētahi atu mea, i kīia i whakaurua e te kirimana ngā tikanga me ngā herenga paerewa a Fletcher Construction, ā, i kīia i whakaae a Electrix ki aua tikanga i tētahi hui i te Paenga-whāwhā 2015. I kīia kei roto i te kirimana he whakaaetanga kāore te moni e utua ana ki a Electrix e neke atu i te $15 miriona. I kīia, i te iti rawa, ko ngā reta whakamana i whakarato i tētahi "taumata turanga" nui o te whakaaetanga i waenga i ngā rōpū.
I whakakahoretia e Eltrix kāore anō kia whakaaetia he kirimana. I kīia ko ngā taunakitanga i whakaatu kāore tetahi o ngā rōpū i whakaaro kua oti te whakarite i tētahi kirimana ōkawa i tētahi wā, ā, ko te arotahi o te hui o Paenga-whāwhā 2015 ko ngā uauatanga e pā ana ki te hoahoa mahi hiko, ehara i te ngana ki te whakamana i ngā tikanga. I tohu i te ngana a ngā rōpū ki te whiriwhiri i tētahi kirimana ōkawa i te tīmatanga o te tau 2017, engari kāore i angitu, he tohu mārama kāore tetahi i whakaaro kua oti ngā take i ngā kōrero o te tau 2015. I tautohetia ko ngā reta whakamana te huarahi noa i whakamanahia ai e Fletcher Construction a Eltrix ki te hoko i ngā rauemi e tika ana.
I whakatau te kaiwhakawā kāore he kirimana. E ai ki te tikanga, i tātarihia e ia te take mā te whai i te hītori me te pātai ki a ia anō, mēnā i tutuki ngā whakaritenga o mua mō te kirimana i tētahi wā.
I whakaatuhia e ngā taunakitanga a te hunga i tae atu ki te hui o Paenga-whāwhā 2015, kāore tetahi o ngā rōpū i whakaaro kua herea rātou e te kōrero i reira ki tētahi tikanga motuhake. Ahakoa i whakaaro ngā rōpū kia herea i taua wā, kāore i te mārama he aha ngā mea ka herea e rātou. Kāore i whakaaetia te utu, kāore i te mārama ngā tikanga me ngā here o te kirimana, ā, ko te whakatakotoranga o te whānuitanga o ngā mahi he "wā poto noa iho".
Kāore hoki te kaiwhakawā i whakaaro ko ngā reta whakamana i whakaatu kua whakaaetia he kirimana. Ahakoa i tohu i ngā tawhā whānui o ētahi tumanakohanga, kāore i whakaatu i te hiahia kia herea tonutia. Engari, i whakaūhia e rātou kei te mahi ngā rōpū me te hiahia kia oti he kirimana i tētahi wā. He mea nui, ehara ngā reta i te whakaaetanga mō te utu, i whakaarohia e Electrix he kupu nui o tētahi kirimana.
Meruit kuantum
Ahakoa kāore he kirimana, e tika ana kia utua he moni whaitake ki tētahi rōpū ina mahi rātou i runga i te tono a tētahi atu, ā, ka mahia te mahi me te tumanako ka utua. E kiia ana tēnei tika ki tētahi moni whaitake he utu "quantum meruit": arā, ko te moni i whiwhihia.
I te mutunga o te whakatau kāore he kirimana, me whakatau e te kaiwhakawā te nui o te moni e utua ana e Fletcher Construction ki a Ectrix mō te mahi i mahia e rātou.
Kāore i ruarua te tika o Electrix ki te tono utu i runga i te kaupapa quantum meruit. I tono a Fletcher Construction kia whakaratohia e Electrix ngā ratonga i mahia e rātou, ā, i whakaaetia aua ratonga ina tukuna, ā, i mōhio hoki e tumanako ana a Electrix kia utua mai mō taua mahi.
Nō reira, ko te take matua ko te huarahi tika hei aromatawai i te nui o te moni i tika kia utua e Fletcher Construction.
I roto i te tātaritanga hōhonu o ngā mana whakahaere me ngā kōrero a te hunga mātauranga, i whakapuaki a Kaiwhakawā Palmer i ēnei kōrero:
- Kāore te ture o Aotearoa mō te quantum meruit e aro noa ki te tango i ngā taonga o te hunga kua whai rawa hētia, engari ka taea te whakawhānui atu ki te whakaora i te hunga kua rawakore hētia. He rerekētanga nui tēnei mai i ētahi mana Ingarihi. Ko te tikanga, i roto i te ture o Aotearoa, kāore e hiahiatia he taunakitanga mō te painga ki te kaiwhakapae kia whakatūria ai he kereme quantum meruit .
- Ahakoa he mea nui ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te uara mākete o ngā ratonga, he mea nui anō hoki te utu tuturu ki te kaiwhakapae mō te whakarato i ngā ratonga i roto i ngā āhuatanga o taua wā. Hei tauira, mēnā me mahi anō te kaiwhakapae i ngā mahi waea hiko i ngā wā maha, ehara i te mea nāna ake te he, ka nui ake te utu o ngā ratonga i tukuna (i ngā wā maha) i te uara mākete o te mahi i mahia (kotahi). Nō reira, ko te utu ki te kaiwhakapae te tīmatanga tika ake.
- I wātea ki te kaiwhakapae te whakatau ko ngā utu tuturu i pau i te kaiwhakapae he nui ake i te mea e tika ana i roto i ngā āhuatanga o te mākete i taua wā mō te mahi i mahia. Mēnā ka taea te whakatau i tēnā, me whakaiti i ngā utu e tika ana kia keremehia.
I kite anō te kaiwhakawā, i te korenga o tētahi kirimana, whakaaetanga rānei kua oti te whakarite mō te utu o ngā ratonga, he uaua ki te whakatakoto i tētahi taumahatanga ki runga i ngā kōrero i waenganui i ngā rōpū mō ngā tahua, ngā tumanakohanga, me te wā e whiriwhiri ana. I whakaae ngā rōpū e rua kua nui ake ngā utu i puta i ā rātou matapae taketake i ngā utu tika.
Ngā kereme whakahē
I tukuna anō hoki e Fletcher Construction ngā kereme whakahoki ki a Electrix mō te tinihanga mangere. I ahu mai tēnei i te whakaaro i whakaatu a Electrix, i ngā wā rerekē, ka taea e ia te whakaoti i ngā mahi mō ngā moni rerekē, he iti iho i te moni i keremehia e ia i te mutunga. I kī a Fletcher Construction i whakawhirinaki rātou ki aua whakaaturanga, ā, nā te mea i pāngia rātou e te mate. Kāore i uaua ngā kereme whakahoki ki a Fletcher Construction i te whakawakanga, ā, he poto noa iho te wā e whakahaeretia ana i roto i te whakataunga.
I whakatau te kaiwhakawā kāore tetahi o ngā whakaaturanga i whakahuatia e Fletcher Construction e taea te kī he whakapae teka i raro i te Ture Hokohoko Tika, i tētahi atu huarahi rānei. Ko te moni i whakaurua e Electrix ki tana tono o Oketopa 2014 i tuwhera mō tētahi wā poto noa iho, ā, kāore i hua ake he kirimana. Kāore hoki e taea te kī he whakapae teka ngā kōrero i muri mai a ngā kaimahi o Electrix mō te tahua o te kaupapa. He kōrero noa iho ēnei mō te whāinga, te tumanako rānei mō te heke mai, he kōrero whakaaro rānei. Kāore hoki te kaiwhakawā i whakaaro kua whakatūria e Fletcher Construction te āhua o te mate i puta mai i ngā whakaaturanga, me te mate i puta mai i aua kōrero. I whakakorea ngā kereme whakahoki.
Hua
I whakahaua a Fletcher Construction kia utua a Eletrix i raro iho i te $7.5 miriona, me te GST me te huamoni. Ka whai ake ngā whakahau mō ngā utu.
Ko te whakatau mō te rahinga matū i tae mai i runga i ngā taunakitanga aromatawai a ngā tohunga, ā, i whakawhirinaki nui te kaiwhakawā ki tētahi o ngā tohunga i karangatia e Eletrix.
Whakamutunga
He mea mōhio ngā reta whakamana ki te hunga i roto i te umanga hanga. He otinga noa ēnei ina nui ake te hiahia ki te whakahaere i ngā mahi i te hiahia ki te whakamana i te tūranga kirimana ture maroke. I te nuinga o te wā ka tukuna ēnei me te tumanako me te tumanako, pērā i konei, ka whai ake he kirimana whaimana. Engari, e ai ki te kōrero a tētahi kaiwhakawā o te Kōti Matua o Ingarangi: [1]
… ina tukuna atu rātou, ā, kua tīmata te mahi a te kaiwhakatū i runga anō i taua reta whakamana, ka taea e te hunga katoa e whai wāhi ana, tae atu ki te tīma ngaio, te tahuri ke atu i te kaupapa, ka wareware ki te hiranga o te whakarite kia hainatia wawetia ngā tuhinga kirimana katoa. Ka pukumahi rawa te katoa ki te whakahaere i ngā raruraru o ia rā e puta ake ana i te tīmatanga o ngā mahi, ā, ka tukuna te mahi hainatanga i tētahi huinga tuhinga kirimana uaua ki tētahi mea iti te hiranga. Kātahi, he maha ngā wā, ka hē tetahi mea i te papa mahi, ā, i te korenga o tētahi kirimana katoa hei whakahaere i ngā tika me ngā herenga o ngā rōpū i roto i ēnei āhuatanga, ko te mutunga he pōhēhētanga me te riri.
Kāore tēnei take i te rerekē. Heoi, e whakamārama ana te whakataunga me pēhea te whakatau i taua pōhēhētanga me te ngangau ina tae mai ki te aromatawai i te moni e tika ana kia utua e te kaiwhakatū. Ko te utu ki te kaiwhakarato ratonga te tīmatanga. Nō reira, he mea nui ki te kaihoko o aua ratonga te whakarite kia oti te kirimana whaimana katoa i mua i te tīmatanga o ngā mahi.
Ngā Tohutoro
[1] Cunningham v Collet & Farmer [2006] EWHC 1771 (TCC) i [88].
